Determination of the environmental natural radioactivity and mapping of natural background radioactivity of the Gumushan
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Determination of the environmental natural radioactivity and mapping of natural background radioactivity of the Gumushane province, Turkey Selim Kaya1 · Ali Kaya1 · Necati Çelik1 · Rasim Taylan Kara2 · Halim Taşkın3 · Bahadır Koz4 Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The aim of the study is to determine the ambient radiation level in Gumushane province. With this aim, the gamma dose ratios absorbed in the air were surveyed by a portable gamma detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137 Cs in soil samples have been measured by the gamma spectrometric analysis system. The gross alpha and beta activity concentrations in drinking water were also determined by the alpha and beta counting system. By considering the geological structure, the soil samples have been obtained from 62 different spots. In addition, 77 samples of natural and tap water have been collected from different points of the province. The samples were analyzed at the Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center in Turkey. Absorbed gamma dose rates in the air were measured in 338 different points in the studied area. Keywords Gumushane air · Water · Soil · Natural radioactivity
Introduction Human beings have been continuously and inevitably under the influence of radiation since their existence. Radiation is caused by radioactive nuclei in the structure of the world, cosmic heat in the solar system or artificial radiation produced by human beings. Natural resources are very important in the evaluation of radiation dose. The highest amount of annual dose of a human is taken from natural radioactivity. Annual average dose values from natural radiation are 9.5–10% in foods, 8.7% in drinks, 8.7–9% in gamma rays, 17.5–18% in cosmetics, 14.8–15% in cosmic rays and 48–49.4% in radon [1]. The rate of radionuclide
* Selim Kaya [email protected] 1
Department of Physics Engineering, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
2
Department of Geological Engineering, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
3
Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, TAEK, Istanbul, Turkey
4
Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
concentration in soil, water and air is increased by nuclear tests or nuclear reactor accidents (such as Chernobyl). There are many studies in the literature about the determination of natural radionuclide concentrations in soil [2–8]. The aim of these studies is to determine the level of natural radioactivity in the country or regionally and to determine how many people are taking these natural sources. Under the influence of radioactive materials in the rocks that pass through the waters of the ground or the depths of the ground. They gain some radioactivity. The most important radioactive elements encountered in groundwater are K 40, Rb87, 232 235 238 Th , U and U [9, 10]. Studies on the determination of the natural radioactivity level in the waters were carried out only in thermal wate
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