Assessment of lifetime cancer risk from natural radioactivity levels in Kadikoy and Uskudar District of Istanbul
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ICCESEN 2017
Assessment of lifetime cancer risk from natural radioactivity levels in Kadikoy and Uskudar District of Istanbul Osman Günay 1 Received: 26 April 2018 / Accepted: 7 December 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are measured in soil samples from various locations in the Kadikoy and Uskudar district of Istanbul (Turkey). The 226Ra activity concentrations range from 19.97 Bqkg−1 to 50.80 Bqkg−1 and average 226 Ra concentration value 31.40 Bqkg−1 was calculated. The 232Th activity concentrations range from 21.38 Bqkg−1 to 52.61 Bqkg−1 and average 232Th concentration value 34.44 Bqkg−1 was calculated. The 40K activity concentrations range from 464.06 Bqkg−1 to 711.27 Bqkg−1 and average 40K concentration value 619.59 Bqkg−1 was calculated. In addition, radium equivalent (Raeq), absorbed gamma dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent, (AEDE), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated in this study. All of the calculations have been compared with both national and international standards and similar studies. As a result of this comparison, levels of natural radioactivity and radiological effects were slightly higher than the World average and Turkey. Keywords Soil . Natural radioactivity . Istanbul
Introduction Environmental natural gamma radiation comes mainly from high energy cosmic ray and terrestrial sources (Merdanoğlu and Altınsoy 2006). The natural radioactivity in terrestrial sources comes from the 238U, 232Th, and 40K (UNSCEAR 2000; Akkurt et al. 2015). The amount of natural radiation in a region depends on geographic structure, geological formations, and characteristics of the soil. Because of this, natural radionuclide amounts are found at different concentrations in different regions (Malain et al. 2012 and Veiga et al. 2006). Human beings are exposed to radiation from natural radionuclides, artificial sources, and cosmic rays. So knowledge of the concentration and distribution of natural radionuclides in the environment plays an important role in determining public exposure levels (Korkulu and Özkan 2013). Therefore, surveys of natural radioactivity in soils have been investigated in This article is part of the Topical Collection on Geo-Resources-EarthEnvironmental Sciences. * Osman Günay [email protected] 1
Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Okan University, 34969 Istanbul, Turkey
various studies (Aközcan 2014; Hannan et al. 2013; Ozturk et al. 2013; Aközcan et al. 2014; Kuluöztürk and Dogru 2015; Uyanik et al. 2015; Çetin et al. 2016; Zaim et al. 2016; Bouhila and Benrachi 2017; Arnedo et al. 2017; Bolat et al. 2017; Seçkiner et al. 2017; Aközcan et al. 2018; Ribeiro et al. 2018). In this study the concentrations of natural radionuclides in soils were determined using gamma ray spectrometry by HPGe (hyper pure germanium) detector. The aim of this study is to determine the natural radiation level and to survey the radiological hazards in the Anatolian district of Istanbul. For this reason, ra
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