Radioactivity Transfer in Environment and Food
The book deals with various consequences of major nuclear accidents, such as in 1986 in Chernobyl and in 2011 in Fukushima. The public is extremely interested in learning more about the movements and risks posed by radiation in the environment related to
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Fokion K. Vosniakos
Radioactivity Transfer in Environment and Food
123
Fokion K. Vosniakos Department of Sciences Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki 57400 Thessaloniki Greece
ISSN 1863-5520 ISBN 978-3-642-28740-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28741-1
ISBN 978-3-642-28741-1
(eBook)
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012934576 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Our world is radioactive and has been since it was created. Over 60 radionuclides (radioactive elements) can be found in nature, and they can be placed in three general categories: 1. Primordial—from before the creation of the Earth 2. Cosmogenic—formed as a result of cosmic ray interactions 3. Human produced-enhanced or formed due to human actions (minor amounts compared to natural) Radioactive substances are those that are unstable in nature. Radioactive types of uranium, thorium and radium emit radiation to reach a more stable condition. This process is called radioactive decay. By measuring the type of radiation emitted, the specific energy level or levels of radiation and the precise rate of decay, scientists
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