Detoxification of deoxynivalenol by Bacillus subtilis ASAG 216 and characterization the degradation process
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Detoxification of deoxynivalenol by Bacillus subtilis ASAG 216 and characterization the degradation process Ru Jia1 · Lirong Cao1 · Wenbin Liu2 · Zhuoyu Shen1 Received: 18 April 2020 / Revised: 29 August 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widely distributed mycotoxin that frequently occurs in various foodstuffs, and poses a health risk to human and animals. Biodegradation of DON to less- or non-toxic substances using naturally existing microorganisms is considered the best approach for DON detoxification. Although various microorganisms capable of detoxifying DON have been reported; however, such studies on probiotic strains are scarce. In this study, a bacterial strain (ASAG 216) showed to possess the capability of detoxifying 100 μg/mL DON by 81.1% within 8 h was isolated from the intestine of a donkey. After morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The DONdegradation potential of B. subtilis ASAG 216 was predominantly attributed to the culture supernatant, which turned to be sensitive to heat, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and proteinase K treatment, indicating the possible presence of extracellular proteins or enzymes in the supernatant which were responsible for DON degradation. Moreover, B. subtilis ASAG 216 has a broad temperature (35–50 °C) and pH (6.5–9.0) tolerance on DON degradation, apart from its ability to withstand conditions which generally prevail during the intestinal transit. In addition, the tested strain showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. These results provide satisfactory grounds for the potential use of B. subtilis ASAG 216 as a new feed additive to address DON contamination. Keywords Deoxynivalenol · Bacillus subtilis ASAG 216 · Biodegradation · Probiotics
Introduction Deoxynivalenol (3ɑ, 7ɑ, 15-trihydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one, DON), also known as vomitoxin, is a common trichothecene mycotoxin produced by many Fusarium species to which cereals, such as maize, wheat, barley, oat and their products, are susceptible during growth and/or storage [1]. High doses of DON may trigger an array of pathological responses including diarrhea, emesis, endotoxemia, and death [2]. Moreover, contamination of cereal products with DON causes a hurdle in the global trade of grains and products thereof, which have serious implications for the agricultural sector and the overall economy. Losses up to $5 * Ru Jia [email protected] 1
School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2
billion have been reported in North America alone due to DON contamination in corn and wheat products [3]. Therefore, the contamination by DON is an important concern for consumers, manufacturers, resea
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