Development and characterisation of microsatellite loci for Murina gracilis (Vespertilionidae) and cross-species amplifi
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MICROSATELLITE LETTERS
Development and characterisation of microsatellite loci for Murina gracilis (Vespertilionidae) and cross-species amplification in two other congeneric species Hao-Chih Kuo • Shiang-Fan Chen Stephen J. Rossiter
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Received: 15 May 2013 / Accepted: 30 May 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Tube-nosed bats (Murina) are restricted to the forests of Asia, Papua New Guinea and northeast Australia, where they are considered highly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation. Several members of the genus have been recently discovered and remain poorly known, including the putative sister species Murina gracilis and M. recondita, both of which are endemic to Taiwan. We developed novel microsatellite markers for M. gracilis and screened these in both taxa and a third Taiwanese endemic M. puta. The final number of useable markers that did not deviate from Hardy–Weinberg or linkage equilibrium was 18 for M. gracilis and M. recondita, including one that was X-linked, and nine for M. puta. We are using these markers to characterise population genetic structure and gene flow within all three taxa to inform conservation management. Keywords genetics
Tube-nosed bats Taiwan Conservation
Tube-nosed bats (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) number over 30 species (see Francis and Eger 2012) and have ecomorphological traits that are well-adapted for foraging in the forest interior yet are thought to limit their ability to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12686-013-9970-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H.-C. Kuo S. J. Rossiter (&) School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK e-mail: [email protected] S.-F. Chen Center for General Education, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 23741, Taiwan
traverse open spaces (Kingston et al. 2003). Consequently these bats are likely to be highly vulnerable to rapid forest loss and fragmentation across parts of Asia. The taxa M. gracilis, M. recondita and M. puta are all poorly known species that are endemic to Taiwan (Kuo et al. 2009), a small island covering 36,000 km2. Taiwan is an important centre of endemism yet its forests have experienced substantial clearance in some areas for development, and are projected to shrink further in the coming decades due to global climate change (Hsu et al. 2012). To study the impacts of current and future habitat loss on these two Murina bats, we developed a panel of microsatellite markers suitable for cross-utility. Muscle tissue (approx 5 g) of M. gracilis was sent to Genetic Identification Services (GIS; Chatsworth, CA, USA) for microsatellite library development. Restriction fragments (350–700 base pairs) of genomic DNA were enriched for microsatellite motifs CA, GA, ATG, and TAGA using standard methods. In total 144 positive clones were sequenced on an ABI Prism 377 DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems) and of these 128 contained microsatellites. We s
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