Development of a new Japanese version of the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Development of a new Japanese version of the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire Takeshi Horie1, Maiko Hiraide1, Shu Takakura2, Tomokazu Hata2, Nobuyuki Sudo2 and Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi1*
Abstract Background: The Clinical Impairment Assessment questionnaire (CIA) is used to measure the severity of psychosocial impairment in patients with eating disorders. The purpose of the present study was to develop a new Japanese version of the CIA (CIA-J) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: We translated the sixteen items of the CIA into Japanese, back-translated them into English, and had them verified by a native English speaking professional editor. Participants were 152 Japanese-speaking patients (30.4 ± 10.6 years) under treatment for eating disorders and 173 healthy controls (29.5 ± 8.3 years). In addition to the CIA-J, the participants were asked to answer the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT26), The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We performed confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the factor structure, calculated the Cronbach’s alphas of the CIA-J to assess the reliability, and calculated the correlation coefficients between the CIA-J score and those of EAT26, PANAS, and HADS to assess concurrent validity. We also used a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Steel-Dwass test to compare the scores of the subtypes of eating disorders and the healthy control group. Results: A three-factor structure was obtained, similar to the original version. The Cronbach’s alphas of both the global and subscale scores of the CIA-J were high. The CIA-J had significant positive correlations with the EAT26, the negative affect subscale of the PANAS, and the HADS. The global and subscale scores for all subtypes of eating disorders were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group. Conclusions: The CIA-J was determined to be reliable and valid for assessing the severity of psychosocial impairment in patients with eating disorders. Keywords: Eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Clinical impairment, Questionnaire
Background Eating disorder patients have presumed “core psychopathology.” That is to say, they over-evaluate their shape, weight and control. Because these concerns about eating and its control prevent individuals from eating healthily, eating disorders have profound and specific effects on * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
psychosocial functioning. The impairment of functioning secondary to eating disorder symptoms leads people to seek help and, consequently, improvement of functioning constitutes an important goal of treatment [1, 2]. Because clinically significant psychosocial impairment is a diagnostic requirement of eating disorders [3], we need to evalua
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