Development of a Quantitative Multi-Class Method for 18 Antibiotics in Chicken, Pig, and Fish Muscle using UPLC-MS/MS
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Development of a Quantitative Multi-Class Method for 18 Antibiotics in Chicken, Pig, and Fish Muscle using UPLC-MS/MS Yu Y. Tang & Hsin F. Lu & Hsu Y. Lin & Yang C. Shin & Deng F. Hwang
Received: 7 December 2011 / Accepted: 23 February 2012 / Published online: 24 March 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract A rapid multi-residue/multi-class procedure utilizing ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) detection has been developed and validated to monitor 18 veterinary drugs, including macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, josamycin, kitasamycin, natamycin, neospiramycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, and virginiamycin M1), β-lactams (ampicillin, cefoperazone, cloxacillin, and mecillinam), lincosamides (clindamycin and lincomycin), and one quinolone (orbifloxacin), in pig, chicken, and fish muscle. Two grams of homogenized muscle sample were fortified with the 18 drugs. The drugs were extracted using two extraction solutions and then were cleaned up with n-hexane and SPE. Data acquisition with MS/ MS was achieved using the multiple reaction monitoring modes to acquire the data. The method was validated at four concentration levels within the designated linear ranges for each drug, with most recoveries greater than 75% and most coefficients of variation (CV) values less than 15%. Keywords Multi-class antibiotics . Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry . Meat
Y. Y. Tang : H. F. Lu : H. Y. Lin (*) : Y. C. Shin Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, No.161-2, Kunyang St., Nangang District, Taipei City 11561( Taiwan, Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Y. Tang : D. F. Hwang Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224( Taiwan, Republic of China
Introduction Food safety is a common worldwide concern; therefore, there is a current trend to monitor and control the veterinary drugs that are used in animals raised for food. Antibiotics are widely administered on farms as therapeutic agents to treat several infectious diseases. The main concern over the release of these drugs, especially antibiotics, into the environment is primarily related to the risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. Additionally, the antibiotics can be transformed into different metabolites through the actions of microorganisms and by other physical or chemical means, resulting in mixtures with higher risks to human health than those of the original compounds. To ensure food safety for the consumer, the control of the drugs that are used to raise livestock is a major concern not only in Taiwan but also in many countries. The misuse of these drugs in meat products is a critical issue that the public should be aware of. Chicken, pork, and fish muscle are the main products consumed in Taiwan, and Taiwan’s legislation should provide for an emergency commission to monitor and control these products to a greater extent. Furthermore, a large amount
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