Development of a Virtual Environment for Safety Warnings Behavior Compliance Evaluation
The effectiveness of safety warnings is measured by user’s behavior compliance. Although compliance is an important component in determining the success of a warning, its study becomes difficult to be developed in a real situation, due to methodological,
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Abstract The effectiveness of safety warnings is measured by user’s behavior compliance. Although compliance is an important component in determining the success of a warning, its study becomes difficult to be developed in a real situation, due to methodological, financial and ethical issues. Virtual Reality (VR) can be a solution to these limitations. VR has the advantage of offering realistic experiences that even the person not being physically present in the environment feels like being there. However, for this to happen, it is necessary to develop 3D environments and narratives involving participants as if they were real situations. Since the construction of realistic 3D environment and consistent narratives a challenge for researchers, this study aims to develop and evaluate a 3D environment with a narrative to safety warnings effectiveness studies. The first part (development of virtual environment/narrative) was done through meetings with the multidisciplinary team Ergonomics Laboratory. The aim was to define requirements for the narrative and the virtual environment design features. The second part (evaluation of the prototype), through pilot tests, results will be discussed. Keywords Virtual environment
Safety warnings Virtual reality
A. Almeida (&) F. Rebelo P. Noriega Centre for Architecture, Urban Planning and Design (CIAUD), Rua Sá Nogueira, Pólo Universitário, Alto da Ajuda, 1349-055 Lisbon, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] F. Rebelo e-mail: [email protected] P. Noriega e-mail: [email protected] A. Almeida F. Rebelo P. Noriega Ergonomics Laboratory, FMH, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal A. Almeida CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 F. Rebelo and M. Soares (eds.), Advances in Ergonomics in Design, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 485, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41983-1_4
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1 Introduction The purpose of a warning is to inform people at risk about hazards and promote a safe behavior. The effectiveness of a warning is defined by how it reaches the goal of bringing the user to act safely [1]. It could be explained by the three-stage model (Fig. 1) suggested by Laughery [2]. In the first stage the warning should be seen, then read and understood and finally modify receiver’s behavior to lead him/her to appropriate decisions. Thus, the ultimate criterion to say that a warning is effective is when it reaches the last stage and occurs compliance behavior [3]. We can find in literature studies related to signs and safety warning compliance [3–5], but few studies have evaluated the compliance at a high cognitive workload situation. Although compliance is an important component in determining the success of a warning, this study becomes difficult to be developed in a real situation. For ethical and security issues, participants cannot be exposed to real risks, and on the other hand, events that can cause injuries ar
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