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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Development of DNA polymer films as a drug delivery system for the treatment of oral cancer Cristiano Ceron Jayme 1 & Ananda Ferreira Pires 1 & Antonio Claudio Tedesco 1

# Controlled Release Society 2020

Abstract DNA polymer films (DNA-PFs) hold promise for use in drug delivery systems (DDS). In this study, the growth pattern of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells was evaluated on DNA-PFs incorporated with a photoactive compound chlorine aluminum phthalocyanine (DNA-PFs-AlClPc) and the efficacy of DNA-PFs-AlClPc as a DDS for photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of mucosal cancer. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell viability following application of DNA-PFs-AlClPc during PDT; the results demonstrated a positive response to photo stimulation within the range of light doses used (300, 600, and 1200 mJ/cm2). Reduced viability and increased cell death were observed with increasing doses than in the controls. As expected, the viability was reduced by more than 30% at the highest dose (1200 mJ/cm2). Flow cytometry revealed that the main mechanism of cell death induction was apoptosis (early and late apoptosis). These results demonstrate the potential of applying DNA-PFs-AlClPc as a DDS for other active molecules in the treatment of other pathologies. Furthermore, this system allows other drugs to be associated with DNA-PFs, indicating the potential use of this nanostructure in novel ways for the treatment of different neoplasms, such as oral cancer. Additionally, DNA nanostructured films may be used to support cell growth and subsequently as a “curative material” incorporated with an active or photoactive compound that can induce tissue regeneration. Keywords DNA polymeric films . Photodynamic therapy . Drug delivery system . Oral cancer

Introduction Oral cancer is the 6th most prevalent cancer in the world. Specific types of oral cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, account for more than 90% of all head and neck cancers, with an overall survival rate of only 40–50% [1–3]. Neoplasms related to oral cancer have increased by around 35% in recent years; however, treatment modalities are extremely limited [4]. Clinical reports of a drug delivery system (DDS) enabling controlled administration of anticancer agents to the oral cavity are extremely scarce [5, 6]. Administration of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00801-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Antonio Claudio Tedesco [email protected] 1

Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil

anticancer agents close to cancerous lesions has demonstrated clinical effectiveness in the treatment of head and neck cancers [7]. Thus, the application of topical protocols using a polymeric film has strong potential. DNA films o