Development of Dryland Oilseed Production Systems in Northwestern Region of the USA
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Development of Dryland Oilseed Production Systems in Northwestern Region of the USA D. S. Long 1 & F. L. Young 2 & W. F. Schillinger 3 & C. L. Reardon 1 & J. D. Williams 1 & B. L. Allen 4 & W. L. Pan 5 & D. J. Wysocki 6
Published online: 29 February 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York (outside the USA) 2016
Abstract This report addresses the development of dryland oilseed crops to provide feedstock for production of biofuels in semi-arid portions of the northwestern USA. Bioenergy feedstocks derived from Brassica oilseed crops have been considered for production of hydrotreated renewable jet fuel, but crop growth and yields in the northwestern region are limited by a lack of plant available water. Based on a review of the scientific literature, several areas were identified where research could be directed to provide improvements. The current agronomic limitations for oilseed production are mainly due to seedling establishment under extreme heat, dry seedbeds at optimum planting times, survival under extreme cold, and interspecific competition with weeds. To improve emergence and stand establishment, future work should focus on developing soil management and seeding techniques that optimize plant available water, reduce heat stress, and provide a competitive advantage against weeds that are customized for * D. S. Long [email protected]
1
USDA-ARS Soil and Water Conservation Research Unit, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, Adams, OR 97810, USA
2
USDA-ARS Northwest Sustainable Agroecosystems Research Unit, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
3
Washington State University Crop and Soil Sciences, Dryland Research Station, PO Box B, Lind, WA 99341, USA
4
USDA-ARS, Agricultural Systems Research Unit, 1500 North Central Ave., Sidney, MT 59270, USA
5
Washington State University Crop and Soil Sciences, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
6
Oregon State University Extension Service, 2411 NW Carden Ave., Umatilla Hall Rm. 100, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA
specific crops, soil types, and soil and environmental conditions. Spring and winter cultivars are needed that offer increased seedling vigor, drought resistance, and cold tolerance. Keywords Biomass . Oilseed crops . Stand establishment . Agronomic limitations . Recommendations
Introduction Cruciferous oilseed crops of the family Brassicaceae are important commodities in the USA for food, feed, and an emerging market in biofuel. Oilseed quality is determined by the composition of erucic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Crops of the genus Brassica have been developed for low erucic acid (canola variety of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, or Brassica juncea), producing desirable food products including margarine, shortening, and salad and cooking oils and high protein meal for livestock. In addition, the genera Sinapis and Camelina are important as the former is a food condiment and the latter is a biofuel feedstock or a functional food. Certain cultivars of B. rapa, B. juncea, and B. carinata also provide oil that is high in erucic ac
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