Development of Fuzzy Exploratory Factor Analysis for Designing an E-Learning Service Quality Assessment Model
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Development of Fuzzy Exploratory Factor Analysis for Designing an E-Learning Service Quality Assessment Model Vahid Baradaran1 • Elaheh Ghorbani1
Received: 2 February 2017 / Revised: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 Taiwan Fuzzy Systems Association 2020
Abstract The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method is regarded as one of the most well-known statistical multivariate analysis methods, which is used to discover the underlying structure of a relatively large set of variables. The EFA has a wide range of applications due to its properties such as data reduction. In this paper, the fuzzy EFA (FEFA) method was developed to maintain the uncertain nature of the data related to the variables. The FEFA method is used to construct an e-learning service quality assessment model. Several assignment criteria have been classified to identify the strengths and weaknesses of an e-learning system, to provide an information system for educational institutions, and rank these information systems. The assessment measures of an e-learning service are determined from the students’ and users’ perspectives by exploring previous models and using open questionnaires. In addition, due to the typical uncertainty of assessment indicators, a questionnaire was designed with triangular fuzzy numbers to increase the value of the information collected from evaluating e-learning users. By implementing the developed FEFA, an e-learning assessment model was constructed with 13 latent variables including reliable infrastructure, benefits and financial support, government support, perception and knowledge, educational facilities, quality of holding classes, entrance conditions, meeting the needs of students, process of education, planning, flexibility of courses, professors’ opinion, and information exchange.
& Vahid Baradaran [email protected] 1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Hakimieh, Babaee Highway, Tehran, Iran
Keywords Fuzzy exploratory factor analysis Service quality assessment E-learning Critical incident technique Abbreviations AHP Analytic hierarchy process ANP Analytic network process CIT Critical incident technique EFA Exploratory factor analysis EFQUEL European Foundation for Quality in e-learning FA Factor analysis FEFA Fuzzy exploratory factor analysis FMEA Failure mode and effects analysis IPA Interaction process analysis TOPSIS Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution
1 Introduction During the recent years, the development of informationbased technologies, along with the increasing use of computers and communications, has moved the post-industrial revolution world towards the Information Age in the third millennium [1]. In this era, communication and technology play a significant role in different areas such as education. In recent years, education has coped with fundamental changes in the concepts of traditional learning. Recently, the emergence of the e-learning concept, as a part of information systems (IS), has played an i
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