DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF MAGNETO-PLASMA AERODYNAMICS AT THE INSTITUTE OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS OF THE SIBER
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DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF MAGNETO-PLASMA AERODYNAMICS AT THE INSTITUTE OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS OF THE SIBERIAN BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES V. P. Fomicheva,b,∗ , T. A. Korotaevaa,b , and M. A. Yadrenkina
UDC 532
Abstract: This paper presents a brief overview of the most significant studies on magneto-plasma aerodynamics performed at the Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences in the last 20 years. Keywords: magnetohydrodynamic interaction, hypersonic air flow control, electric discharge, magnetic field. DOI: 10.1134/S0021894420050065 INTRODUCTION The second half of the 20th century was marked by advances in the exploration of near and deep space. However, the development of high-speed flight vehicles (FVs) is hindered by a number of problems such as the presence of significant frictional resistance, high gas stagnation temperatures at the surface of a high-speed FV, the low efficiency of controlling the deceleration and trajectories of reentry vehicles in the upper atmosphere. The presence of plasma effects in the hypersonic motion of bodies in the atmosphere have made it possible to explore their use to control the flow around a high-speed FV. A new area of aerodynamics—magneto-plasma aerodynamics—has emerged, which studies the influence of electric and magnetic fields on hypersonic gas flow. Numerous computational and experimental studies of various aspects of magneto-plasma aerodynamics were carried out in the 1950s–1970s [1, 2]. However, estimates of the efficiency of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) methods for controlling hypersonic flows questioned the possibility of using MHD systems on board a FV due to the heavy weight of its equipment used to generate strong magnetic fields with an induction B > 1 T. At the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, studies of MHD conversion of supersonic gas flow energy into electrical energy were performed in the late 1960s–early 1980s. The T-layer effect was discovered in disk MHD-channels [3], and it was shown that this effect could increase the efficiency of MHD energy conversion in supersonic flow in the channel of a disk MHD generator [4]. A preliminary design of a chemical-fueled T-layer disk MHD generator model was developed [5], but these studies were not continued for a number of economic reasons. Research on MHD methods for FV flow control has not been carried out for about 30 years. At the end of the 20th century, the development of superconducting technology significantly reduced the weight and volume of magnetic field generation systems. Interest in the study of MHD methods of gas flow control increased again [6]. In the mid-1990s, the Leninets research and production association (St. Petersburg) presented the AJAX hypersonic
a Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (ITAM SB RAS), Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia; ∗ [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
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