Development of microsatellite markers in Betula costata (Betulaceae) by next-generation sequencing and cross-species tra
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Development of microsatellite markers in Betula costata (Betulaceae) by next‑generation sequencing and cross‑species transferability test Min‑Woo Lee1 · Jei‑Wan Lee1 · Sang‑Chul Kim1 · Ji‑Young Ahn1 Received: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study was conducted to develop the first species-specific microsatellite markers in Betula costata. A total of 178 primers were designed from 95,755 contigs and screened in two B. costata populations sampled from Mt. Hwaaksan and Mt. Gyebangsan. A total of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci were selected and used for population genetic characterization. The average values of observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) of the Mt. Hwaaksan population were 0.488 and 0.493, respectively. The average values of HO and HE in the Mt. Gyebangsan population were 0.492 and 0.481, respectively. The null allele frequency was less than 0.2 in all loci. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected in all combinations of loci. In addition, 26 polymorphic markers were selected by cross-species transferability test to B. costata using the microsatellite markers developed in four other Betula species. The cross-species transferability of the microsatellite markers developed in B. costata was conducted in two other Betula species. The transferability was 75% in B. ermanii and 100% in B. davurica. Therefore, the microsatellite markers developed and characterized in this study were expected to be useful for further genetic studies in B. costata and related species in the genus Betula. Keyword Betula costata · Betulaceae · Microsatellite marker · NGS · Primer development
Introduction Betula costata Trautv. (Betulaceae) is a deciduous broadleaved arboreous tree growing up to 20 m in height, and mainly distributed in South Korea and China [4, 9]. In Korea, it is limited to the sub-alpine forest along Baekdudaegan, which is the main mountain range in the Korean Peninsula [13]. The wood of B. costata is mainly used as a wooden board and for furniture, and its sap is used for medicinal purposes [6]. B. costata was also reported as a species used for printing woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana, which was registered as a Memory of the World by UNESCO in 2007 [5]. Studies on B. costata were performed mainly on phylogeny [19], ecology [15], and physiology [9]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05616-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jei‑Wan Lee [email protected] 1
Division of Forest Bioinformation, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
The previous phylogeny study had revealed B. costata, B. ermanii, B. davurica, and B. humilis to belong to subgenus Betula. Among them, B. costata was closely related to B. ermanii [19]. Climate change is being considered as a major factor in the reduction of species worldwide [23]. Recent studies have shown that sub-alpine ar
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