Development of novel and ecological keratin/cellulose-based composites for absorption of oils and organic solvents

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Development of novel and ecological keratin/cellulose-based composites for absorption of oils and organic solvents Khawla Guiza 1,2 & Rim Ben Arfi 1 & Karine Mougin 3 Gautier Schrodj 3 & Achraf Ghorbal 1,4

&

Cyril Vaulot 3 & Laure Michelin 3 & Ludovic Josien 3 &

Received: 16 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Keratin/cellulose cryogels were successfully fabricated using chicken feathers (CF) and cardboard (C) from environmental waste for the first time, to be exploited in oil/solvent absorption. The keratin/cellulose-based composites were obtained by combining the dissolution of CF and C waste in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Bmim−Cl+) ionic liquid green solvent via regeneration, simply by the freeze-drying method. The characterization analysis of the synthesized keratin/cellulose-based composites was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. The as-prepared cryogel can absorb various oils and organic solvents. Moreover, its sorption capacity can reach up to 6.9–17.7 times the weight of the initial cryogel. This kind of CF/C cryogel revealed good and fast absorption efficiency. It could also be reused by simple absorption/distillation and absorption/desorption methods. Through the kinetic analysis, it was found that the pseudo-second-order model was more appropriate for the keratin/cellulose cryogel oil absorption process. Besides, owing to its low cost, good absorption capacity, and excellent reusability, this cryogel has potential for spill cleanup of oils and organic solvents. Keywords Keratin . Cellulose . Composite . Cryogel . Oil absorption

Introduction Over the last few years, oil and organic reagent pollution has become one of the most hazardous global issues given the ever increase in their production, transportation, and discharge (Sabir 2015). Moreover, the wastewater effluents of these industries have led to detrimental impacts on the environment and the ecosystems. Hence, cleaning oil spills have become a compelling and challenging task, which explains the use of Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Khawla Guiza [email protected] 1

Research Laboratory LR18ES33, National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia

2

Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia

3

Institute of Materials Science of Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, University of Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France

4

Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia

various remediation methods. These methods may include bioremediation, in situ burning, and other chemical, physical, or physicochemical processes such as sorption (Feng et al. 2015; Su et al. 2017). Sorption, for instance, has proved to be one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly techniques. It is well known that there are mainly three types of absorbent materials: natural organic sorbents, inorgan

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