Development of Wild Boar Species-Specific DNA Markers for a Potential Quality Control and Traceability Method in Meat Pr
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Development of Wild Boar Species-Specific DNA Markers for a Potential Quality Control and Traceability Method in Meat Products Dániel Szemethy 1,2 & Bendegúz Mihalik 2 & Krisztián Frank 2 & Tibor Nagy 2 & Dóra Újváry 3 & Szilvia Kusza 4 & László Szemethy 5 & Endre Barta 2 & Viktor Stéger 2 Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In the food supply chain, quality control has a very important role in maintaining customer confidence. In the EU, food safety aspects are strictly regulated; however, composition requirements and standard control methods are generally undefined. The rapidly increasing wild boar population has a growing market share in venison or game meat production. Several methods have been described for species identification and control of composition in food products, but only some of these are suitable for routine measurements. The aim of our research was to design a rapid, reliable and simple PCR insertion/deletion (InDel)-based genetic tool suitable for species identification in food quality control laboratories. In total, 59 different swine (Sus scrofa) whole genomes were tested with bioinformatic tools to identify wild boar-specific insertions or deletions. Three independent InDels were suitable for marker development, multiplex PCR amplification and separation in agarose gel. Altogether, 209 samples of wild boar and ten other domestic pig breeds were taken for DNA extraction and validation of the three multiplexed InDel markers. Statistical analysis showed a very high combined predictive value (0.996), indicating the capability of the newly developed markers to detect wild boars with a probability over 99%. Breed assignment tests confirm that the InDel markers developed are suitable for rapid, sensitive and reliable identification of the wild boar meat content of food products. The use of the reported method in food quality control can mean a simple and cost-effective way to maintain consumer confidence and to support the competitiveness of fair producers. Keywords Wild boar . Food safety . Venison . InDel markers . Species identification
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-020-01840-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Viktor Stéger [email protected] 1
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
2
Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, Hungary
3
Foundation for the Preservation of European Wildlife, Gödöllő, Hungary
4
Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
5
Faculty of Regional Development, University of Pécs, Szekszárd, Hungary
Venison products are highly expensive and premium quality products, therefore, become the target of adulteration. In most European countries, food safety aspects are strictly regulated based on EU legislation;
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