Mortality rates of wild boar Sus scrofa L. in central Europe
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Mortality rates of wild boar Sus scrofa L. in central Europe Oliver Keuling & Eric Baubet & Andreas Duscher & Cornelia Ebert & Claude Fischer & Andrea Monaco & Tomasz Podgórski & Céline Prevot & Katrin Ronnenberg & Gunter Sodeikat & Norman Stier & Henrik Thurfjell
Received: 28 March 2013 / Revised: 23 April 2013 / Accepted: 24 April 2013 / Published online: 4 June 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract In many parts of Europe, wild boar Sus scrofa population increase, and thus, high densities and dispersal into new areas are accompanied by economic problems. Due to many factors like insufficient hunting strategies as well as underestimation of population densities and reproduction rates, harvest rates seem to be insufficient. Thus, we calculated mortality rates of several wild boar populations from 1998 to 2009, to show the efficiency of hunting within several studies distributed over eight European states. For calculating mortality rates, the daily probability of survival of radio
telemetrically observed wild boar was analysed according to Mayfield (Wilson Bull 73:255-261, 1961) and with survival analysis in R for three age classes (0, 1, ≥2 years) and both sexes. The mortality rates of wild boar per annum, especially piglets, were comparably low (about 0.5 for piglets and similar for total population). About three third of all observed animals survived at least until the next period of reproduction. Mortality rates differed between some study areas, the sexes and age classes. The sex ratio of the shot piglets equals the sex ratio of captured piglets; there seems to be no sex-biased
Communicated by C. Gortázar Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10344-013-0733-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. O. Keuling (*) : K. Ronnenberg : G. Sodeikat Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany e-mail: [email protected] E. Baubet CNERA Cervidés-Sangliers, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Avenue de Wagram 85 bis, 75017 Paris, France A. Duscher Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria C. Ebert Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry, Hauptstraße 16, 67705 Trippstadt, Germany C. Fischer hepia, Filière Gestion de la Nature, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
A. Monaco National Wildlife Institute, Via Cà Formacetta, 9-40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy T. Podgórski Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland C. Prevot Laboratoire Faune sauvage et Cynégétique, Département de l’étude du milieu naturel et agricole, Service Public de Wallonie, avenue Maréchal Juin 23, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium N. Stier Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Str. 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany H.
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