Diabetes Risk and Control in Multi-ethnic US Immigrant Populations
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DIABETES EPIDEMIOLOGY (E SELVIN AND K FOTI, SECTION EDITORS)
Diabetes Risk and Control in Multi-ethnic US Immigrant Populations Jennifer Dias 1 & Sandra Echeverria 2 & Victoria Mayer 3 & Teresa Janevic 4 Accepted: 26 October 2020 / Published online: 20 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review The goal of this review is to assess current evidence on diabetes risk and control among adult immigrants in the USA. Recent Findings Patterns of diabetes risk in US immigrants may reflect global diabetes trends. Asian, Black, and Latinx immigrants all see a diabetes disadvantage relative to US-born Whites. Diabetes risk in Asian immigrants also surpasses USborn Asians. Relative diabetes risk among all groups increases with time in the USA. Research to explain patterns in diabetes risk and control among immigrants has broadened from lifestyle factors to include multi-level, life course influences on trajectories of risk. Some determinants are shared across groups, such as structural racism, healthcare access, and migration stress, whereas others such as diet are embedded in sending country culture. Summary Current literature on diabetes in immigrant populations suggests a need to shift towards a transnational lens and macrolevel social determinants of health framework to understand diabetes risk and potential prevention factors. Keywords Diabetes . Gestational diabetes . Immigrant . Ethnicity . Epidemiology . Social determinants
Introduction In 2018, immigrants made up an estimated 13.7% of the United States (US) population, or 44.8 million people, which
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Diabetes Epidemiology * Teresa Janevic [email protected] Jennifer Dias [email protected] Sandra Echeverria [email protected] Victoria Mayer [email protected] 1
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
2
Department of Public Health Education, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
3
General Internal Medicine, Population Health Science & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
4
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Population Health Science & Policy, Blavatnik Family Women’s Health Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
represents 50% of the population growth in the USA in the past 10 years [1]. Immigrants are a diverse population group arriving in the USA from all areas of the world and often driven to migrate because of harsh economic and political circumstances in their home countries. While some evidence suggests a recent decrease in immigrant population growth, the proportion of foreign-born adults in select US racial/ethnic groups (e.g., Latinxs and Asian Americans) can range from 40 to 80%. Because immigrant groups have different migration histories and social, economic, and cultural backgrounds, their health and risk profiles may also differ. Specific
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