Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal alpacas mainly display F17 fimbriae adhesion gene
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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal alpacas mainly display F17 fimbriae adhesion gene Juan Siuce 1
&
Lenin Maturrano 1 & Jane C. Wheeler 2 & Raul Rosadio 1
Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Neonatal domestic South American Camelid llamas and alpacas suffer from an enteric disease complex characterized by abdominal distention, lethargy, dehydration, and eventual fatal septicemia. Analysis of rectal swabs from neonatal alpacas suffering clinical diarrheas has constantly isolated Escherichia coli, mainly the EPEC and EHEC pathotypes. The present communication reports the results of molecular analysis of 226 E. coli strains from neonatal alpaca rectal swabs. The isolates were initially tested by multiple PCR, to identify E. coli virulence genes eae, bfp, Lt, Stx1, Stx2, sta, stab, and lt genes and a similar test to detect F4, F5, F6, F17, and F41fimbriae adhesin genes. Forty-two of the 226 (18.5%) isolates tested positive for at least one pathogenic gene, 25 of the 42 were classified as EPEC (3 positives for only eae and 22 for both eae and bfp) and the remaining 17 were classified as EHEC. Twenty-four (57%) of the 42 isolates tested positive to F17 adhesin while one was positive for both F6 and F17. Keywords EPEC . EHEC strains . Fimbriae genes . Alpacas
Introduction In nature, Escherichia coli expresses a diverse pathogenicity ability producing different types of diseases that vary from clinical diarrhea to lethal septicemia (Kaper et al. 2004). In humans, diarrheagenic strains of E. coli are classified as enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEC), diffuse adherence (DAEC), and enteroinvasine (EIEC) strains (Bouzari et al. 2012) according to the presence of different virulent genes including: intimina (eae), bundle-bonding pili (bfp), shiga toxin type 1 and type 2 (Stx1, Stx2), heat-stable enterotoxin A and B (sta, stab), and heat-labile enterotoxin (lt). In animals, the ETEC, EPEC, and EHEC pathotypes have mostly been related to mild to severe diarrhea causing high rates of morbidity and
* Juan Siuce [email protected] 1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Major San Marcos University, Av. Circunvalacion 2800, San Borja, Lima, Peru
2
CONOPA— Institute for Research and Development of South American Camelids, Av. Reusche M4, Pachacamac, Lima, Peru
mortality particularly during the early neonatal period (Nagy and Fekete 2005). Fimbriae and other adhesins of E. coli play a key role in initiating adhesion and colonization of target cells (Torres et al. 2005). Neonatal diarrhea is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in Peruvian alpacas and llamas and has been associated with multiple agents including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Initially, Escherichia coli, cryptosporidium, and rotavirus were suspected to produce diarrhea (Whitehead and Anderson 2006), but E. coli is usually isolated alone or in association with cryptosporidium (Aguilar et a
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