Dielectric Properties of Eggshell Membrane of Some Select Bird Species
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-PHYSICS
Dielectric Properties of Eggshell Membrane of Some Select Bird Species Sunday Edet Etuk1 · Ubong Williams Robert2 · Joseph Bassey Emah2 · Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi3 Received: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Dielectric constant, loss angle and dissipation factors were determined for eggshell membrane of some select bird species. The results revealed that eggshell membrane of Hen (local free-range fowl), Layer (agricultural farm fowl), Duck, Turkey and Quail has dielectric constant values of 6.016, 5.556, 6.809, 6.145 and 2.632, respectively, at frequency of 1 kHz. The dielectric constant values in each case were found to decrease with increase in frequency towards 3 GHz. Loss angle and dissipation factor also exhibited similar trend with frequency. The values of the eggshell membrane were observed to fall within the range of reported values of some known dielectric materials commonly put to use for production of capacitor. It has sustainability and is cheap to obtain. Hence, it is a good and recommended raw material for electrical and electronic industry for capacitor production. Keywords Bird · Dielectric constant · Dissipation factor · Eggshell membrane · Frequency · Loss angle
1 Introduction Energy gets dissipated in the form of heat when biological materials absorb radio wave and micro-wave. Heating is of importance application as far as industrial processing of agricultural materials and food is concerned. The knowledge of dielectric properties of such biological materials is a requirement for the investigation of the heating characteristics of such materials, especially at radio frequencies. Dielectric constant, loss angle, and dissipation factor are some interesting dielectric properties necessary for industrial, agricultural, electrical, electronic, biophysical and medical applications, among other uses. Ashrafuzzaman and Tuszynski [1] attributed the first research into electrical properties of membrane to H. Fricke and K.S. Cole, who discovered that membranes exhibit characteristics of dielectric capacitor. However, several researchers have investigated these properties in some biological materials, tissues, cell and cell suspension [2–12] and they all reported on dielectric properties of various mam-
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Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi [email protected]
1
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
2
Department of Physics, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin, Nigeria
3
Department of Physics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
malian cells at different frequencies ranging from 10 to 20 kHz. Pethig [13] reported on the dielectric properties of mammalian tissues over a frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz. His report has revealed that the knowledge of dielectric properties of biological tissues is necessary for medical diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications involving the application of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. It is also useful for the stu
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