Hierarchical Decoration of Eggshell Membrane with Polycaprolactone Nanofibers to fabricate a Bilayered Scaffold for Skin
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.61
Hierarchical Decoration of Eggshell Membrane with Polycaprolactone Nanofibers to fabricate a Bilayered Scaffold for Skin Tissue Engineering Preetam Guha Ray, Pallabi Pal, Santanu Dhara BMTE, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Eggshell Membrane (ESM) is a naturally occurring proteinaceous microfibrous scaffold capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM). The extraction methodology deployed for its extraction process impedes its extensive application as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine. Herein, a unique route was deployed to decorate the surface of ESM with electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber in order to ameliorate the above problems and also fabricate a novel ECM mimicking bilayered scaffold for skin tissue engineering applications. Microstructural and surface topographic analysis confirms the formation of bilayered structure with smooth electrospun PCL nanofibers decorated on ESM. Carbodiimide chemistry was utilized to crosslink the two layers. Cytocompatibility evaluation of scaffolds was carried out with Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. The biomimetic architecture and protein rich composition of as fabricated bilayered construct facilitated extensive cell adhesion, proliferation and migration in contrast the bare natural tissue led to impeded cell adhesion.
INTRODUCTION: The ability of scaffolds to mimick the in vivo microenvironment facilitates its application in varying tissue engineering applications [1,2]. In case of skin tissue engineering, it’s of paramount importance to fabricate a scaffold resembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) so that it can facilitate adhesion and proliferation of Human fibroblast and keratinocyte cells [2]. A synergistic selection of polymer and fabrication technology used for fabricating the scaffold plays a vital role in designing an ideal matrix [3]. Further, it’s equally essential to maintain suitable parameters during fabrication process to obtain perfect surface topography which can facilitate cell anchorage,
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proliferation and cross-talk among cell lines in order to regenerate the extracellular matrix [4]. It was also previously reported that scaffolds bearing a nano/micro fibrous architecture possessed better cell adhesion, proliferation and migration owing to its ability to mimic the ECM [5]. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a naturally occurring versatile material possessing a microfibrous architecture capable of mimicking the ECM. ESM microfibers are mainly composed of proteins, which includes collagen (Type I, V, X) and other proteins along with glycoproteins [6,7]. Each microfiber is made up of glycoprotein-rich cortex and collagen-rich core [8].
