Artificial hybridization of some Abies species
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Artificial hybridization of some Abies species ˇ amek • Tere´zia Salaj • Andrej Kormutak • Bozˇena Vookova´ • Vladimı´r C • • • Martin Galgo´ci Peter Manˇka Peter Bolecˇek Roman Kuna • Jaroslav Kobliha Ivan Luka´cˇik • Dusˇan Go¨mo¨ry
•
Received: 11 July 2012 / Accepted: 25 February 2013 / Published online: 16 March 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Wien 2013
Abstract Crossability relationships between six species of the Mediterranean, North American and Asian firs was tested using Abies alba and A. nordmanniana as female parents and A. alba, A. numidica, A. procera, A. grandis, and A. holophylla as pollen parents. An overwhelming majority of the crosses attempted was found to be compatible. In particular, it is true of the A. alba cross with A. numidica and those of A. nordmanniana with A. alba, A. numidica, A. procera, and A. holophylla. The crossing A. nordmanniana 9 A. grandis was the only exception producing empty seeds. Cytological study revealed the gametophytic incompatibility to be responsible for reproductive isolation of these species. At seedling level, all the interspecific crosses of A. nordmanniana surpassed in height growth self-pollinated control. The cross A. alba 9 A. numidica was comparable in this respect with control variants from open and self-pollination. Except for height growth, some characteristics of needle stomata are provided for individual crosses. The crosses A. nordmanniana with A. procera and A. holophylla represent unique interspecific combinations whose existence has not been
A. Kormutak (&) B. Vookova´ V. Cˇamek T. Salaj M. Galgo´ci P. Manˇka I. Luka´cˇik Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia e-mail: [email protected] P. Bolecˇek R. Kuna Constantine Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia J. Kobliha Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic D. Go¨mo¨ry Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
reported yet. Based on needle stomata characteristics, the potential for increased resistance and drought tolerance of the hybrids with A. numidica involved as parental species is discussed. Keywords Abies Species Crossability Hybrid performance
Introduction The first attempt with artificial crossing experiments in the genus Abies may be traced, since 1867, when Wilmorin has obtained a viable seed of the cross A. pinsapo 9 A. cephalonica which has given rise to a tree producing, since 1888, the cones (Sargent 1898). The hybrid named A. 9 vilmorinii Mast. exhibited conspicuous somatic heterosis. Several attempts of the kind followed contributing to elucidation of both crossability and evolutionary relationships between Abies species (Hawley and DeHayes 1985). The milestones were in this respect the experiments involving numerous species of different geographic origin and/or different taxonomic groups. Compilatory work by Klaehn and Winieski (1962) refers to 12 female and 13 male parent species along with 137 interspecific crosses attempted on mature arboretum and forest
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