Dietary folate intake and metabolic syndrome in participants of PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional study
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Dietary folate intake and metabolic syndrome in participants of PREDIMED‑Plus study: a cross‑sectional study Eva‑Maria Navarrete‑Muñoz1 · Jesus Vioque2,3,34 · Estefanía Toledo4,5 · Alejando Oncina‑Canovas3 · Miguel Ángel Martínez‑González4,5,6 · Jordi Salas‑Salvadó4,7,8,9 · Dolores Corella4,10 · Montserrat Fitó4,11 · Dora Romaguera4,12 · Ángel M. Alonso‑Gómez4,13 · Julia Wärnberg4,14 · J. Alfredo Martínez4,15 · Luís Serra‑Majem4,16 · Ramon Estruch4,17 · Francisco J. Tinahones4,18 · José Lapetra4,19 · Xavier Pintó4,20 · Josep A. Tur4,12,21 · José López‑Miranda4,22 · Aurora Bueno‑Cavanillas2,23 · Pilar Matía‑Martín24 · Lidia Daimiel25 · Vicente Martín Sánchez2,26 · Josep Vidal27,28 · Ana Isabel de Cos Blanco4,29 · Emili Ros4,30 · Javier Diez‑Espino4,5,31 · Nancy Babio4,7,8,9 · Rebeca Fernandez‑Carrion4,10 · Olga Castañer4,11 · Antoni Colom12 · Laura Compañ‑Gabucio3 · Itziar Salaverria Lete13 · Edelys Crespo‑Oliva4,14 · Itziar Abete4,15 · Laura Tomaino4,16,32 · Rosa Casas4,17 · José Carlos Fernandez‑Garcia4,18 · José Manuel Santos‑Lozano4,19 · Iziar Sarasa20 · José M. Antonio Garcia‑Rios4,22 · Sandra Martín‑Pelaez23 · Miguel Ruiz‑Canela4,5 · Andrés Díaz‑López4,7,8,9 · Raul Martinez‑Lacruz4,10 · Maria Dolors Zomeño4,11 · Elena Rayó12 · Cristina Gisbert Sellés33 · Silvia Canudas4,7,8,9 · Albert Goday4,11 · Manoli García‑de‑la‑Hera2,3 Received: 12 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose We examined the association between dietary folate intake and a score of MetS (metabolic syndrome) and its components among older adults at higher cardiometabolic risk participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods A cross-sectional analysis with 6633 with overweight/obesity participants with MetS was conducted. Folate intake (per 100 mcg/day and in quintiles) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We calculated a MetS score using the standardized values as shown in the formula: [(body mass index + waist-to-height ratio)/2] + [(systolic blood pressure + diastolic blood pressure)/2] + plasma fasting glucose–HDL cholesterol + plasma triglycerides. The MetS score as continuous variable and its seven components were the outcome variables. Multiple robust linear regression using MM-type estimator was performed to evaluate the association adjusting for potential confounders. Results We observed that an increase in energy-adjusted folate intake was associated with a reduction of MetS score (β for 100 mcg/day = − 0.12; 95% CI: − 0.19 to − 0.05), and plasma fasting glucose (β = − 0.03; 95% CI: − 0.05 to − 0.02) independently of the adherence to Mediterranean diet and other potential confounders. We also found a positive association with HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04–0.10). These associations were also observed when quintiles of energy-adjusted folate intake were used instead. Conclusion This study suggests that a higher folate intake may be associated with a lower MetS score in older adults, a lower plasma f
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