Dietary fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota, and type 2 diabetes: results from two large human cohort studies
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Dietary fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota, and type 2 diabetes: results from two large human cohort studies Zengliang Jiang1,2†, Ting-yu Sun3†, Yan He4,5†, Wanglong Gou1, Luo-shi-yuan Zuo3, Yuanqing Fu1,2, Zelei Miao1, Menglei Shuai1, Fengzhe Xu1, Congmei Xiao1, Yuhui Liang1, Jiali Wang1, Yisong Xu1, Li-peng Jing3,6, Wenhua Ling2, Hongwei Zhou4,5*, Yu-ming Chen3* and Ju-Sheng Zheng1,2,7*
Abstract Background: Little is known about the inter-relationship among fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota and metabolites, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human prospective cohort study. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prospective association of fruit and vegetable intake with human gut microbiota and to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable-related gut microbiota and their related metabolites with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Methods: This study included 1879 middle-age elderly Chinese adults from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Baseline dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (2008–2013). Fecal samples were collected at follow-up (2015–2019) and analyzed for 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomics. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin. We used multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models to investigate the prospective associations of fruit and vegetable intake with gut microbiota and the association of the identified gut microbiota (fruit/vegetablemicrobiota index) and their related fecal metabolites with T2D risk, respectively. Replications were performed in an independent cohort involving 6626 participants. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] † Zengliang Jiang, Ting-yu Sun and Yan He contributed equally to this work. 4 Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 1 Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
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