Dietary supplementation of Aspergillus oryzae meal and its effect on performance, carcass characteristics, blood variabl
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Dietary supplementation of Aspergillus oryzae meal and its effect on performance, carcass characteristics, blood variables, and immunity of broiler chickens Mehdi Zahirian 1 & Alireza Seidavi 1 & Magdalena Solka 2
&
Mehran Nosrati 1 & Mirco Corazzin 3
Received: 31 January 2019 / Accepted: 15 May 2019 # The Author(s) 2019
Abstract This study investigated the effect of different levels and consumption periods of Aspergillus oryzae meal on performance, carcass characteristics, blood variables, and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 270 (male and female) Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 9 treatment groups. Two levels (2 g/kg diet and 4 g/kg diet as-fed) of Aspergillus oryzae meal (AO) and 4 consumption periods of AO (starter, grower, finisher, and entire period) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement were used. Compared with control, AO used during the entire rearing period increased weight gain, reduced relative weight of abdominal fat, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels, and increased antibody titers against influenza and Newcastle disease vaccination and sheep red blood cells injection. Few differences in the variables considered were found if AO was added to broiler diets only during specific consumption periods, and between the two supplementation levels of AO. In conclusion, the addition of AO to the broiler diet can have beneficial effects in terms of performance, carcass composition, and health, but these positive effects were mainly reached adding AO for the entire rearing period. Keywords Aspergillus oryzae . Carcass . Performance . Immune response . Broiler chickens
Introduction All breeding programs for animals, including poultry, are aimed at improving breeding traits, either through genetics (Kawka et al. 2010, 2012) or, for example, nutrition (Nikravesh-Masouleh et al. 2018; Tasirnafas et al. 2015). All of these treatments were aimed at increased body weight gain, growth rate, and conversion efficiency in poultry. Then antibiotics were used in poultry as growth stimulants. The widely use
* Alireza Seidavi [email protected] * Magdalena Solka [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Gilan 41335-3516, Iran
2
Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, ul., Postępu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
3
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, UD, Italy
of antibiotics in animal production raised the fears of increasing of the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. For this reason, the antibiotics used as growth promoters are banned in European Union since 2006 (EC no. 1831/2003). For these reasons, probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotic are recently used into broiler diets, and there are many studies about their effects on broiler’s performance (Kim et al. 2011). From the fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae sp., it is possible to obtain a meal that belon
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