Abscisic acid modulates differential physiological and biochemical responses of roots, stems, and leaves in mung bean se
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Abscisic acid modulates differential physiological and biochemical responses of roots, stems, and leaves in mung bean seedlings to cadmium stress Yan Leng 1 & Yi Li 1 & Yan-Hua Ma 1 & Li-Fang He 1 & Shi-Weng Li 1 Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine how exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) mediates the tolerance of plants to cadmium (Cd) exposure. Cd stress strongly reduced all the growth parameters of mung bean seedlings. Cd significantly increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities in roots and stems, and peroxidase (POD) activities in roots, stems, and leaves of mung bean seedlings. Cd caused remarkable increases in the levels of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid, root polyphenols, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline in the three organs. However, Cd greatly decreased leaf CAT activity, root and leaf ascorbic acid (AsA) levels, and stem and leaf polyphenol levels. Foliar application of ABA partially alleviated Cd toxicity on the seedlings. ABA could restore most of the changed biochemical parameters caused by Cd, suggesting that ABA played roles in the protection of membrane lipid peroxidation and the modulation of antioxidative defense systems in response to Cd stress. Our results also implied the differential physiological and biochemical responsive patterns of roots, stems, and leaves to Cd and ABA in mung bean seedlings. The great changes in many biochemical parameters in roots suggested that roots were the first to be affected by Cd and play pivotal roles in response to Cd, especially in chelating Cd and reducing Cd absorption. Keywords Cadmium . Abscisic acid . Antioxidative systems . Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
Introduction Heavy metal (HM) pollution has been considered to be the most urgent environmental problem in the twenty-first century. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic HMs. Cd can be absorbed into plant roots firstly from soil through the membrane channels for nutrient elements due to the similarity of chemical and physical properties (Clemens 2006; Verbruggen et al. 2009). When entering root tissues, most of the Cd are accumulated by binding to carboxyl groups of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose in the cell wall, as well as Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Shi-Weng Li [email protected] 1
School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering in Gansu Province, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China
proteins and pectin (Parrotta et al. 2015; Dai et al. 2018), and a certain amount are transported to the aboveground part through the xylem (Tanaka et al. 2007). The excessive Cd causes great reduction on the plant growth and productivity (Clemens 2006; Gallego et al. 2012). Cd stress affects stomatal closure, nutrient absorption, transpiration, and photosynthesis in plants (Dong et al.
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