Differential expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in pancreas during rat pregnancy
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Differential expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in pancreas during rat pregnancy Li Wang • Hongwei Cao • Ning Jiang • Nanyan Zhang Jing Zhang • Rongrong Hou • Changsheng Chen • Yingmei Wang • Xiaomiao Li • Deqiang Li • Qiuhe Ji
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Received: 26 March 2009 / Accepted: 11 October 2009 / Published online: 24 October 2009 Ó Humana Press 2009
Abstract Many studies have shown that there is a relationship between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and glucose metabolism, but little is known about the effects of GnRH on the pancreas. Our experiment investigated the effect of GnRH on pancreatic islet cell in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats fed with high-cholesterol diet before and during pregnancy. We found that although high-cholesterol diet led to no significant difference of GnRH mRNA levels in pancreas in nonpregnant rats, it led to a marked increase of those in pregnant rats. Furthermore, in rats fed with standard laboratory chow, no significant differences were apparent in GnRH mRNA levels before and during gestation; however, when fed with high-cholesterol diet, the GnRH mRNA levels increased significantly in pregnant rats. As results indicated both diets could lead to increase of PG mRNA in pancreas of pregnant rats. It is also demonstrated that the GnRH mRNA levels are positively associated with PG mRNA levels. Moreover, our data showed a significant increase in fasting insulin level in
L. Wang H. Cao N. Zhang J. Zhang R. Hou X. Li D. Li Q. Ji (&) Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China e-mail: [email protected] N. Jiang Department of Toxicology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China C. Chen Department of Health Statistics, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China Y. Wang Department of Pathology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
the Gestation group compared with Control. Such changes were contrary to the changes of GnRH level in the pancreas. This may imply that GnRH influences hormones secretion in the pancreas by autocrine and paracrine effects on islet cells. Keywords Pregnancy
FIN GnRH High-cholesterol diet
Introduction Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor (GnRHR) existed and played a biological effect in several tissues other than hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) Axis tissues. Khodr et al. [1] first confirmed the presence of GnRH in placenta. After that, other groups reported that GnRH as well as gene expression and synthesis have been shown in many reproductive organs such as ovary, mammary glands, and endometrium [2–5]. GnRH synthesized by gonads could regulate the steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism in mammals’ reproductive system as an autocrine factor [6]. Moreover, GnRH was found to widely exist in various tumors [7–9] and immune system [10, 11]. It was also noticed that GnRH analogs could inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer and other tumor cells, which suggested that GnRH may be invo
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