Direct Conjugation of Retinoic Acid with Gold Nanoparticles to Improve Neural Differentiation of Human Adipose Stem Cell
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Direct Conjugation of Retinoic Acid with Gold Nanoparticles to Improve Neural Differentiation of Human Adipose Stem Cells Vajihe Asgari 1 & Amir Landarani-Isfahani 2 & Hossein Salehi 1 & Noushin Amirpour 1 & Batool Hashemibeni 1 & Mohammad Kazemi 3 & Hamid Bahramian 1 Received: 1 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 April 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed as useful medical carriers in the field of regenerative medicine. This study aimed to assess the direct conjugation ability of retinoic acid (RA) with AuNPs and to develop a strategy to differentiate the human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) into neurons using AuNPs-RA. The physical properties of this nanocarrier were characterized using FT-IR, TEM, and FE-SEM. Moreover, the efficiency of RA conjugation on AuNPs was determined at 99% using UV-Vis spectroscopy. According to the MTT assay, an RA concentration of 66 μM caused a 50% inhibition of cell viability and AuNPs were not cytotoxic in concentrations below 5 μg/ml. Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry proved that AuNPs-RA is able to increase the expression of neuronal marker genes and the number of neuronal protein (GFAP and MAP2)positive cells, 14 days post-induction of hADSCs. Taken together, these results confirmed that the AuNPs-RA promote the neuronal differentiation of hADSCs. Keywords Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells . Retinoic acid . Gold nanoparticles . Neuronal differentiation . Cell viability
Abbreviations AuNPs gold nanoparticles CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium CTRL control group DAPI diamidino-2-phenylindole DKK1 Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 DMEM Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium EDS energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01577-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Amir Landarani-Isfahani [email protected] * Hamid Bahramian [email protected] 1
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3
Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
FBS FE-SEM FGF20 FT-IR GAPDH GFAP hADSCs MAP2 MSCs MTT NPs PFA PSCs qRT-PCR RA RAR RT RXRs TEM UV-Vis
fetal bovine serum field emission scanning electron microscopy fibroblast growth factor 20 Fourier-transform infrared glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase glial fibrillary acidic protein human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells microtubule-associated protein 2 mesenchymal stem cells 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide nanoparticles paraformaldehyde pluripotent stem cells quantitative Real-time PCR retinoic acid retinoic acid receptor room temperature retinoid X receptors transmission electron microscopy ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
J Mol Neurosci
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