The Cellular and Molecular Patterns Involved in the Neural Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Injuries to the nervous system cause serious problems among affected patients by preventing them from the possibility of living a normal life. As this tissue possesses a reduced capacity of self-regeneration currently, lots of different strategies are bei
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The Cellular and Molecular Patterns Involved in the Neural Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Aida Selaru, Sorina Dinescu, and Marieta Costache Abstract
Injuries to the nervous system cause serious problems among affected patients by preventing them from the possibility of living a normal life. As this tissue possesses a reduced capacity of self-regeneration currently, lots of different strategies are being developed in order to make the regeneration in the nervous system possible. Among them, tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies are to date very exploded fields and tremendous progress has been made in this direction. As the two main components of the nervous system, react differently to injuries and behave different during disease, it is clear that two separate regeneration approaches have been taken into consideration during development of treatment. Special attention is constantly given to the potential of adiposederived stem cells for this kind of application. Due to the fact that they present remarkable A. Selaru Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania S. Dinescu (*) and M. Costache Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania e-mail: [email protected]
properties, they can easily be obtained and have demonstrated that are capable of engaging in neural and glial lineages, adipose-derived stem cells are promising tools for the field of nervous system regeneration. Moreover, new insights into epigenetic control and modifications during the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells towards the neural liege could provide new methods to maximize the regeneration process. In this review, we summarize the current applications of adipose-derived stem cells for neural regeneration and discuss in-depth molecular patterns involved in the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in neuron-like cells and Schwann-like cells. Keywords
Adipose-derived stem cells · Brain injuries · Epigenetic control · Nerve trauma · Neuronlike cells · Regeneration · Schwann cell
Abbreviations 3’ UTR AD ASCs ATF3 BDNF b-FGF
30 untranslated regions Alzheimer’s disease adipose-derived stem cells activating transcription factor 3 brain-derived neurotrophic factor basic fibroblastic growth factor
A. Selaru et al.
Ca2+ cAMP CGRP CNS CNTF CREB DNA DRG Dsh EGF Egr2/ Krox20 EMC ESCs GAP-43 GDNF GFAP HATs HD HDASCs HGF IL-10 IL-1α IL-6 iPSCs Lef1/Tcf lncRNA MAG MAP 2 miRNA mRNA NF-ĸB NGF nm NSCs PD PDGF PGE2 PI-3 K PKA PKB PNS qPCR
calcium cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate calcitonin gene-related peptide central nervous system ciliary neurotrophic factor cAMP responsive element binding protein Deoxyribonucleic acid dorsal root ganglia Disheveled epidermal growth factor early growth response 2 gene extracellular matrix embryonic stem cells growth cone associated proteins glial
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