Disaster Risk Science: A Geographical Perspective and a Research Framework
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ARTICLE
Disaster Risk Science: A Geographical Perspective and a Research Framework Peijun Shi1,3,5 • Tao Ye1,2,3 • Ying Wang2,3 • Tao Zhou1,3 • Wei Xu1,2,3 • Juan Du3,4 • Jing’ai Wang2,4 • Ning Li1,2,3 • Chongfu Huang2,3 • Lianyou Liu1,2,3 Bo Chen1,2,3 • Yun Su2,4 • Weihua Fang2,3 • Ming Wang1,3 • Xiaobin Hu1,3 • Jidong Wu2,3 • Chunyang He1,4 • Qiang Zhang2,3 • Qian Ye1,3 • Carlo Jaeger1,6 • Norio Okada1,3,7
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Published online: 21 August 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this article, we recall the United Nations’ 30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework, review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives, and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science research. The object of disaster risk science research is the ‘‘disaster system’’ consisting of hazard, the geographical environment, and exposed units, with features of regionality, interconnectedness, coupling, and complexity. Environmental stability, hazard threat, and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed, establish the spatial extent of disaster impact, and generate the scale of losses. In the formation of a disaster, a conducive environment is the prerequisite, a hazard is the & Peijun Shi [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
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Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People’s Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, China
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Global Climate Forum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
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Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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necessary condition, and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient condition. The geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss distribution. Regional multi-hazard, disaster chain, and disaster compound could induce complex impacts, amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected areas. In the light of research progress, particularly in the context of China, we propose a threelayer disaster risk science disciplinary structure, which contains three pillars (disaster science, disaster technology, and disaster governance), nine core areas, and 27 research fields. Based on these elements, we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research. Keywords Disaster system Disaster science Disaster technology Disaster governance Research framework Research frontiers
1 Introduction 2019 was the 30th anni
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