Discrete event optimization of a vehicle charging station with multiple sockets
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Discrete event optimization of a vehicle charging station with multiple sockets Giulio Ferro 1 & Riccardo Minciardi 1
1
& Luca Parodi & Michela Robba
1
Received: 4 October 2019 / Accepted: 12 October 2020/ # 2020 The Author(s)
Abstract
The relevance and presence of Electric Vehicles (EVs) are increasing all over the world since they seem an effective way to fight pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, especially in urban areas. One of the main issues related to EVs is the necessity of modifying the existing infrastructure to allow the installation of new charging stations (CSs). In this scenario, one of the most important problems is the definition of smart policies for the sequencing and scheduling of the vehicle charging process. The presence of intermittent energy sources and variable execution times represent just a few of the specific features concerning vehicle charging systems. Even though optimization problems regarding energy systems are usually considered within a discrete time setting, in this paper a discrete event approach is proposed. The fundamental reason for this choice is the necessity of limiting the number of the decision variables, which grows beyond reasonable values when a short time discretization step is chosen. The considered optimization problem regards the charging of a series of vehicles by a CS connected with a renewable energy source, a storage element, and the main grid. The objective function to be minimized results from the weighted sum of the (net) cost for purchasing energy from the external grid, the weighted tardiness of the services provided to the customers, and a cost related to the occupancy of the socket during the charging. The approach is tested on a real case study. The limited computational burden allows also the implementation in real-case applications. Keywords EV . Discrete event control . Scheduling . Optimization . Charging . Renewable resources
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Smart Cities Guest Editors: (Samuel) Qing-Shan Jia, Mariagrazia Dotoli, and Qian-chuan Zhao
* Riccardo Minciardi [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Discrete Event Dynamic Systems
1 Introduction Greenhouse gas emissions, and pollution in general, are affecting negatively cities. Sustainable energy sources and new technologies can help to reconcile the huge energy demand with an acceptable climatic impact. A significant contribution to emissions is represented by transport and logistics. The use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) may produce a huge reduction of emissions when the power to feed the vehicles is produced by renewable resources. However, also when renewables are not used, the use of EVs may have positive impacts on pollution in cities because of the shift from traditional vehicles to EVs. Mass deployment of EVs may be a good solution (Shareef et al. 2016; Ferrero et al. 2016), but, unfortunately, wide usage of EVs may cause technical problems. As an example, the power grid can be harmfully affected
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