Dispersive effects of water waves generated by submerged landslide
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Dispersive effects of water waves generated by submerged landslide Haixiao Jing1 · Guoding Chen1,3 · Changgen Liu2 · Wen Wang1 · Juanli Zuo1 Received: 3 April 2019 / Accepted: 10 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, we developed three solutions with different degrees of dispersion for an ideal‑ ized model where the landslide moves along a flat bottom; this was to elucidate the effects of landslide acceleration on the dispersive property of the generated water waves. Both free surface elevations and velocity profiles are obtained with their integral forms for the three solutions. Based on the derivations of the solutions, it is found theoretically that land‑ slide acceleration can cause the generated water waves to be dispersive. Numerical inte‑ grations are carried out by using the extended trapezoidal rule and the solutions are vali‑ dated by comparison with the available experimental results. Case studies are carried out by the three models, and the results show that the amplitude of water waves increases with the increase in landslide acceleration. Evident dispersive effects caused by the landslide acceleration can be found, especially with the increase in water depth. This confirms the theoretical findings in this study. In addition, the wide range of applications of these three solutions are indicated. Keywords Landslide tsunami · Dispersive effects · Surface gravity waves
1 Introduction Extreme water waves(also called tsunamis) that are generated by landslide occur in res‑ ervoirs, lakes, bays, and oceans; these can cause loss of human lives, facilities, and pri‑ vate properties(Gisler 2008; Harbitz et al. 2014). For example, on October 9th, 1963, the Vajont landslide produced a destructive wave causing about 2000 casualties (Bosa and Petti 2011). The Papua New Guinea tsunami on July 17th, 1998 killed over 2100 people (Synolakis et al. 2002). However, the prediction of water waves generated by landslides is challenging because it involves a synergistic effect of several disciplines * Changgen Liu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Eco‑hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
2
Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology‑Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China
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Natural Hazards
such as geology and fluid dynamics. For this reason, laboratory experiments along with mathematical and numerical studies have been carried out by numerous research groups (Di Risio et al. 2011; Heidarzadeh et al. 2014). Several empirical or semi-empirical for‑ mulae have been proposed to predict the amplitude and velocity of the waves generated by landslides (Fritz et al. 2004); therefore, a simple and efficient method to address this problem is necessitated. However, practically, landslide tsunami events often present complicated geometries and many physical parame
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