Distributed Network Coding-Aware Routing Protocol Incorporating Fuzzy-Logic-Based Forwarders in Wireless Ad hoc Networks
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Distributed Network Coding‑Aware Routing Protocol Incorporating Fuzzy‑Logic‑Based Forwarders in Wireless Ad hoc Networks Parisa Rafiee1 · Ghasem Mirjalily1 Received: 24 April 2019 / Revised: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Network coding, as one of the foremost techniques boosting the performance of the wireless networks, has recently acquired notable popularity. As a result, a new category of routing approaches named as the coding-aware routing scheme, has been emerged. In such routing schemes, the possible coding opportunities are identified prior to the path establishment, and paths containing coding opportunities are prioritized to be established. Motivated by the appreciable efficiency of the coding-aware routing schemes, this paper leverages fuzzy logic and proposes a novel coding-aware routing approach alluded to as Fuzzy-logic-based Network Coding-aware Routing (FNCR) protocol. Notwithstanding a number of previously proposed coding-aware routing schemes which merely endeavor to establish paths including more coding opportunities, FNCR suggests embedding a purposefully designed fuzzy system in each node in order to calculate the overall desirability of the nodes in terms of some momentous factors such as the coding capability, the remaining energy, and the workload of the node. In addition to a new routing metric which utilizes the calculated overall desirability, the previously proposed coding conditions are modified such that more possible coding opportunities can now be identified. Simulation results demonstrate that FNCR outperforms the formerly proposed approaches employing network coding, in terms of throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, and lifetime of the network. Keywords Routing protocols · Network coding-aware routing · Network coding · Coding conditions · Fuzzy logic · Wireless ad hoc networks
* Parisa Rafiee [email protected] Ghasem Mirjalily [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Network and Systems Management
1 Introduction Wireless ad hoc networks have been organized as a novel class of multi-hop networks consisting of a number of nodes. In such a configuration, each node can operate as a relay node assisting the packet forwarding of other nodes. Distinctive features such as low establishment cost and simple expansion have popularized ad hoc networks as a promising technique for a wide variety of applications, given the fact that this kind of network requires no pre-organized infrastructure [1]. Similar to other various kinds of wireless networks [2–5] ,one of the staple challenges of the ad hoc networks is the employment of a proper routing protocol which is able to fulfill the innate requirement of achieving high throughput. In addition, due to the limited energy of nodes in various applications of ad hoc networks, the consideration of the remaining energy of the nodes during the routing proces
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