Distribution of HLA Alleles and Haplotypes in Tamil-Speaking South Indian Populations: Affinities with Spanish and Austr
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UMAN GENETICS
Distribution of HLA Alleles and Haplotypes in Tamil-Speaking South Indian Populations: Affinities with Spanish and Austronesian R. Kamaraja, K. Balakrishnana, *, M. Dhivakara, C. Rathikaa, C. Albertb, P. Justinkumarb, and K. Navaneethakannanc aDepartment of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021 India b
Department of Zoology, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, 629001 India Department of Zoology, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625002 India *e-mail: [email protected]
c
Received September 25, 2019; revised December 12, 2019; accepted January 20, 2020
Abstract—The present study was aimed to study HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 alleles and haplotypes of two endogamous groups of South India. PCR-SSP typing of HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 alleles were performed on 63 Mukkuvar, primarily a coastal population and 101 Valayar, a population primarily living on the fringes of forest areas. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms and correspondence analysis have been performed. The HLA class II alleles, DRB1*07 (32.5%), DRB1*15 (23.0%), DRB1*13 (11.1%) and DRB1*12 (10.3%) were more frequent among Mukkuvar. Among Valayar, DRB1*12 (18.8%), DRB1*15 (17.3%), DRB1*04 (15.4%), DRB1*07 (13.4%) and DRB1*10 (10.9%) were more frequent. Similarly, DQB1*06 (38.1%), DQB1*02 (26.2%) and DQB1*05 (20.5%) alleles among Mukkuvar and DQB1*06 (40.2%) and DQB1*05 (28.9%) among Valayar were more frequent. We genotyped the two most common South Indian two-locus haplotypes, such as DRB1*15-DQB1*06 and DRB1*07-DQB1*02 for HLA-A, -B and -C alleles to identify the 5-locus extended haplotypes. We identified the presence of a highly unique extended haplotype A*03B*35-C*12-DRB1*07-DQB1*02 in Valayar (HF: 0.2777) and Mukkuvar (HF: 0.1666) hitherto not reported in any of the world populations. The HLA-DRB1 allele based phylogenetic analysis have demonstrated the unique and distinct phylogenetic relatedness of Mukkuvar and Valayar with other ethnic populations. The coastal population Mukkuvar is more closely related to Hispanic and Guanche populations. However, the Valayar revealed phylogenetic relatedness with Austronesian and Micronesian populations supporting the theory of coastal migrations of Out-of-Africa ancestral founding populations. Keywords: HLA, haplotype, Valayar, Mukkuvar, South Indian Population, ethnic affinities DOI: 10.1134/S1022795420090100
INTRODUCTION Population defined as an entity of individuals, who are very similar in many aspects, but yet differ to a considerable extent from one another [1]. Yet, questions of biogeography and genetic diversity such as ‘why we are what we are where we are?’ have piqued human curiosity as far back as Herodotus of Halicarnassus, who has been called ‘the first anthropologist’ [2]. The Indian population exhibits not only a wide variety of ethnic but also great cultural and linguistic diversity. Tamil Nadu is situated on the south-eastern side of the Indian peninsula. It has about 1000 km of coastline along the Bay
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