Distribution of recently identified bee-infecting viruses in managed honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) populations in the USA
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Original article
Distribution of recently identified bee-infecting viruses in managed honey bee (Apis mellifera ) populations in the USA Allyson M. RAY1 , Dawn L. LOPEZ2 , J. Francisco ITURRALDE MARTINEZ3 , David A. GALBRAITH1 , Robyn ROSE4 , Dennis VAN ENGELSDORP5 , Cristina ROSA3 , Jay D. EVANS2 , Christina M. GROZINGER1 1
Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Pollinator Research, Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Intercollege Graduate Training Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 2 Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA 3 Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 4 Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, Riverdale, MD, USA 5 Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Received 18 September 2019 – Revised 21 January 2020 – Accepted 26 February 2020
Abstract – Viral infections are commonly associated with honey bee (Apis mellifera ) colony mortality. Using metagenomics, we previously identified 8 viruses from populations of honey bees and 11 other bee species around the world. These viruses had not been previously been described as bee-infecting viruses, and belong to viral families that are not commonly described in bees. To provide a fine-scale characterization of these viruses in the USA, we screened bees from the 2015 USDA National Honey Bee Disease Survey. Two viruses are widespread, and thus likely require further characterization, while four may represent emerging or under surveyed infections. We also compare different approaches for screening samples for viral infections. This study demonstrates the importance of creating and maintaining large-scale collections for the broader research community. Apis mellifera / disease survey / viruses / USA / collections
1. INTRODUCTION Large-scale declines have been documented in multiple insect pollinator populations, which raises significant concerns, as pollinators are critElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-020-00757-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Corresponding author: A. Ray, [email protected] Manuscript editor: Michelle L. Flenniken
ical for agricultural production and maintaining healthy ecosystems (LeBuhn et al. 2012; Potts et al. 2010). Many factors contribute to these declines, including pathogens, parasites, pesticide exposure, altered landscapes contributing to inadequate nutrition, and human-driven global climate change, as well as their synergistic effects (Goulson et al. 2015). Viral pathogens are a particularly interesting driver of bee declines, as pathogens have been found to cause symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to lethal (Grozinger and Flenniken 2019), synergize with many other stressors (Di Prisco et al
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