Distribution of Satyrini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil
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O R I GI N A L A R T IC L E
Ana Luiza Gomes Paz • Helena Piccoli Romanowski Ana Beatriz Barros de Morais
Distribution of Satyrini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil
Received: 17 May 2012 / Accepted: 27 January 2013 Ó The Ecological Society of Japan 2013
Abstract Knowledge of species distribution is important for effective conservation measures. Considering that habitat features and abiotic factors can influence local community structure of butterflies, this study aimed to verify the existence of a pattern in the distribution of Satyrini in southern Brazil. For this objective, we updated the regional Satyrini species list based on field studies and literature, resulting in a total of 54 species. For those studies that presented clearly defined sampling sites, we analyzed the faunal similarity by site and by phytoecological region and verified the influences of environmental (altitude, average annual temperature and precipitation, and phytoecological region) and spatial variables (PCNM) in species distribution. We analyzed 156 records of 40 species at 14 sites and eight phytoecological regions. Environmental variables—namely, differences in temperature and phytoecological region—and spatial position proved to effect the distribution of Satyrini in southern Brazil. We thus urge that the future Conservation Units should be well spaced and properly distributed through environmentally distinct units in the landscape, representing different phytoecological regions. These conclusions shall provide subsidies to biodiversity conservation.
A. L. G. Paz (&) Æ A. B. B. de Morais Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Biodiversidade Animal, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Faixa de Camobi, km 9, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil E-mail: [email protected]ffarroupilha.edu.br Tel.: +55-32-574160 Fax: +55-32-571263 A. L. G. Paz Instituto Federal Farroupilha Campus Sa˜o Vicente do Sul, Rua 20 de Setembro s/n, 97420-000 Sa˜o Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil H. P. Romanowski Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonc¸alves 9500, pre´dio 43435, sala 229, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Keywords Butterflies Æ Pampa biome Æ Satyrinae Æ Similarity
Introduction Species respond in different ways to the environment and knowledge of their distribution is crucial for understanding the dynamics of biological communities (Walla et al. 2004). Thus, knowledge of beta diversity, which is the variation in species composition among sites in a geographical area (Whittaker 1972), is important for effective conservation measures (Blackburn and Gaston 1996; Legendre et al. 2005; Ribeiro et al. 2008, 2012). The beta diversity may be influenced by random processes or environmental factors, or both, in different proportions (Legendre et al. 2005). Generally, species similarity between sites has a negative relationship with geographic distance (Whittaker 1972) because neighboring sites tend to have more similar environmental conditions (Legendre 1
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