Dithiocarbamates as a Sensitive Electroanalytical Reagent: Determination of Chromium by Catalytic Hydrogen Wave at DME i
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Dithiocarbamates as a Sensitive Electroanalytical Reagent: Determination of Chromium by Catalytic Hydrogen Wave at DME in Water Systems and Vegetables S. Kanchi & M. Sulochana & K. Babu Naidu & K. Saraswathi & Nuttalapati Venkatasubba Naidu
Received: 29 November 2010 / Accepted: 14 December 2010 / Published online: 30 December 2010 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010
Abstract Simple, sensitive catalytic hydrogen polarographic method was developed for the determination of chromium (VI) with ammonium piperidine dithiocarbamate (Amm Pip-DTC) and ammonium morpholine dithiocarbamate (Amm Mor-DTC) in various water systems and vegetables. The method was based on the catalytic hydrogen wave of Amm Pip-DTC-Cr(VI) and Amm MorDTC-Cr(VI) complexes in the presence of NH4Cl–NH4OH medium at pH 7.5 and 9.6 and produce a catalytic hydrogen waves at −1.59 and −1.65 V Vs SCE, respectively. Various optimum parameters such as effect of pH, NH4Cl–NH4OH, Pip-DTC, metal ion concentrations and excipient effect on peak height were investigated to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits of the present method and compared in terms of Students t test and variance ratio f test with differential pulse polarography (DPP) method. The proposed method was applied for the determination of chromium (VI) in various water system and vegetables and the results obtained were in good agreement with DPP. Keywords Polarography . Catalytic hydrogen waves . Chromium (VI) . Ammonium piperidine dithiocarbamate (Amm Pip-DTC) . Ammonium morpholine dithiocarbamate (Amm Mor-DTC) . Differential pulse polarography (DPP) . Water and vegetable samples
Orally presented at National Seminar on “Environmental Pollution with Special Reference to Water Pollution” on 12th December 2008 at Sir C. R. Reddy Autonomous College, Eluru, A. P., India. S. Kanchi : M. Sulochana : K. B. Naidu : K. Saraswathi : N. V. Naidu (*) Department of Chemistry, S. V. University, Tirupati 517502( Andhra Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Chromium was widely distributed in the earth's crust forming about 0.04% of the solid matter. Chromium in +2, +3, and +6 oxidation states was of practical significance and stable oxidation state was +3. Chromium has many important industrial uses, among which its application in the metallurgical industry as an alloying element in the production of stainless steel and in the plating of metal objects to protect them against corrosion was note worthy. Other important uses worthy of mentioning were in the tanning industry, in the production of pigments and in the printing industry. The significant application of chromium compounds are as water additives to prevent corrosion and it was probable that their presence in cooling water accounts for a significance amount of industrial chromium emission to the atmosphere. Its principal role appears to be in helping to maintain glucose tolerance level in the body as a complex of trivalent chromium along with nicotinic acid and various amino acids. Deficiencies of the metal in the d
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