Diuretic, Natriuretic and Ca 2+ -Sparing Effects Induced by Rosmarinic and Caffeic Acids in Rats
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Diuretic, Natriuretic and Ca2+-Sparing Effects Induced by Rosmarinic and Caffeic Acids in Rats Jeniffer Cristovão Moser 1 & Camile Cecconi Cechinel-Zanchett 1 Thaise Boeing 1 & Luisa Mota da Silva 1 & Priscila de Souza 1
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Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano 1
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Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2020
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the possible diuretic effect in rats of two widely distributed bioactive compounds, rosmarinic and caffeic acids, derived from plants used in popular medicine, as well as to demonstrate their effects against in vitro calcium oxalate crystallization. Male Wistar rats were orally treated with vehicle, hydrochlorothiazide, rosmarinic acid, or caffeic acid. The volume and the urinary parameters were evaluated at the end of 8 h. The antiurolithiatic effect of the compounds was verified in vitro. Treatment with rosmarinic acid (3 mg/kg) or caffeic acid (10 mg/kg) significantly increased urine volume when compared with vehicle-treated rats, an effect associated with augmented urinary Na+ excretion. Interestingly, while rosmarinic acid showed a K+-sparing effect, caffeic acid significantly increased urinary K+ excretion, similarly to the group treated with hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg). The two compounds showed a Ca2+-sparing effect. Therefore, the in vitro analysis of urinary calculi revealed that rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid, in concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.3 mg/ml, reduced the number of monohydrate and dihydrate forms of calcium oxalate crystals formed in the urine, suggesting a potential antiurolithiatic effect of these compounds. Keywords Phenolic acids . Diuresis . Calcium . Urolithiasis
Introduction Rosmarinic acid is a natural phenolic compound derived from caffeic acid (an ester of caffeic acid). Both rosmarinic and caffeic acids can be found in several plants which are widely used as condiments for food and as natural medicines (Haloui et al. 2000; Petersen and Simmonds 2003; Khan et al. 2016a; Alagawany et al. 2017; Damasceno et al. 2017). Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lamiaceae, is extensively reported for its content of rosmarinic acid (1), and studies evaluating the effect of its extracts or the isolated rosmarinic and caffeic acids (1 and 2) in rats with renal damage have demonstrated their beneficial action on kidney function (Domitrović et al. 2014; Khan et al. 2016b; Alagawany et al. 2017; Yasir et al. 2018). Due to the reputation of rosemary for the treatment of
* Priscila de Souza [email protected] 1
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil
renal diseases, previous studies have revealed its potential diuretic effect (Haloui et al. 2000); however, the effects of compounds 1 and 2 have not been described. Furthermore, as far as we know, there is no report in the scientific literature about the effect
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