Caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid contents in genus Perilla
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Caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid contents in genus Perilla Yuya Deguchi1 · Michiho Ito1 Received: 26 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 May 2020 © The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy 2020
Abstract Caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid are common components of Labiatae plants, such as shiso (Perilla frutescens Britton var. crispa W. Deane) and Boraginaceae plants. These compounds have various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and anti-depressive activities, but the content of these compounds in perilla has not been studied in detail. This study investigated the caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid contents of several pure strains in genus Perilla. Perilla plants cultivated under a certain set of conditions had different caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid contents. For example, their contents were higher in P. setoyensis (“Setoegoma”), suggesting that the genetic background of the species greatly affects caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid contents. Several strains of P. frutescens var. crispa were cultivated at the Experimental Station for Medicinal Plants, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University and differences in their caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid contents were also observed. The total content of anthocyanins, which are closely related to the leaf color of perilla, was measured as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents, and a weak positive correlation was observed between the content of rosmarinic acid, and the total content of total anthocyanins. Furthermore, the results suggest that luminosity and photon flux density of light during cultivation can affect rosmarinic acid content. Keywords Perilla frutescens · Caffeic acid · Rosmarinic acid · Anthocyanins
Introduction This report is an addendum to a previous report in this journal [1] regarding rosmarinic acid in perilla. In that report, the rosmarinic acid content was found to differ by perilla species and leaf size. In the present study, rosmarinic acid content was investigated in a larger number of samples grown for a certain cultivation period to survey the effects of genetic background on differences in rosmarinic acid content. According to the previous report [1], higher rosmarinic acid content was present in large leaves. Thus, the present study focused on rosmarinic acid content of large leaves. Caffeic acid has been reported to exhibit anti-anxiety [2] and anti-depressive [3] activities and its content in perilla leaves was also investigated. In addition, relationships between rosmarinic acid and total anthocyanin contents and between
rosmarinic acid content and light intensity during cultivation were investigated.
Materials and methods Plant materials Perilla 1 A mechanical thermohygrostat chamber (Nippon Medical & Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was used. Ten strains in genus Perilla (Table 1) were grown for 130–135 days in the chamber under the cultivation conditions shown in Table 2. The harvested leaves were divided into 3 groups based on the length of the main leaf vein (
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