Do different land use changes in a deciduous forest ecosystem result in alterations in soil organic C and total N stocks
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Do different land use changes in a deciduous forest ecosystem result in alterations in soil organic C and total N stocks? Rogers Wainkwa Chia & Yowhan Son & Wonwoo Cho & Young Geun Lee & Ganchudur Tsetsegmaa & Hoduck Kang
Received: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Aims This study sought to evaluate how soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN) stocks vary following the conversion of a deciduous natural forest (DNF) to a paddy rice farm (PRF), a seventy-year-old Pinus koraiensis monoculture (CP70), a mixed forest (MF) plantation, and a P. koraiensis monoculture resulting from the re-plantation of a portion of the CP70 attacked by bugs. Methods Soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected from DNF, PRF, CP7, CP70 and MF in the Gwangneung experimental site located in Gyeonggi-do (South Korea), and analyzed for bulk density, pH, SOC, STN content and stocks (0–30 cm). Results The conversion of DNF into PRF showed 23.9% SOC stocks and 54.5% STN stocks increases. However, there were no significant changes in STN or
SOC stocks after DNF was reforested for seven or 70 years or when PRF was reforested to MF. Conclusions The conversion of a DNF to a PRF increased the SOC and STN stock, which might be due to over 63 years’ fertilizations with urea and diammonium phosphate, but reforestation with a P. koraiensis monoculture for 70 years and/or mixed forest was enough time to restore SOC and STN stocks to natural levels.
Responsible Editor: Jorge Durán.
Terrestrial ecosystems’ soils can serve as either a source or sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) (IPCC 2019; Díaz et al. 2018). Soil’s storage capacity for these GHGs—notably CO2 in the form of soil organic carbon (SOC) and N2O as total nitrogen (STN)—relies on several factors such as the vegetation type, human activity, precipitation and temperature (Zhong et al. 2019; Tuo et al. 2018). Nowadays, one of the world’s primary attention is climate change mitigation through the management of soil’s storage capacity for these GHGs. Usually, soil’s storage capacity is managed by conserving available SOC stocks and reducing the amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere
R. W. Chia : H. Kang (*) Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsan 10326, South Korea e-mail: [email protected] Y. Son Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea W. Cho : Y. G. Lee National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, South Korea G. Tsetsegmaa Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography & Geoecology, Ulaanbaatar 16062, Mongolia
Keywords Mixed forest plantation . Monoculture plantation . Natural reforestation . Paddy rice farm . Soil organic carbon stocks
Introduction
Plant Soil
(Amundson and Biardeau 2018; Schlesinger and Amundson 2019). Recently, about 290 million ha of natural forest land have been transformed into agricultural land such as paddy rice f
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