Soil microbial community, enzyme activity, C and N stocks and soil aggregation as affected by land use and soil depth in
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Soil microbial community, enzyme activity, C and N stocks and soil aggregation as affected by land use and soil depth in a tropical climate region of Brazil Marcos V. M. Sarto1,5 · Wander L. B. Borges2 · Doglas Bassegio3 · Carlos A. B. Pires1 · Charles W. Rice1 · Ciro A. Rosolem4 Received: 25 February 2020 / Revised: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The impact of agricultural land-use on soil microbial community composition and enzyme activity has not been extensively investigated in Ultisols. We investigated soil health parameters by analyzing phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), extracellular enzyme activity, C and N stocks, and soil structure. Four land uses were established in a tropical climate region of Brazil: native Cerrado (savanna), monoculture pasture [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ’Marandu’], an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), and maize (Zea mays)-fallow in a no-tillage system. Soil microbial biomass was 40% higher in the native Cerrado than in the monoculture pasture, ICLS, and no-tillage maize. Soil organic carbon was positively correlated with microbial community composition (MB; gram–; AC; AMF; Fungi; F: B ratio) and enzyme activity (bG, AP, NAG). Large macroaggregates were positively correlated with bG, AP, and AMF. In summary, the native Cerrado had a higher level of carbon at the soil surface and greater soil structure with increased microbial biomass, gram+ bacteria, AMF, fungi, and F:B ratio in a tropical region of Brazil. However, bG and AP enzyme activities were lower in the ICLS and no-till maize at the soil surface (0–5 cm) compared to the native Cerrado. The conversion of native Cerrado to agricultural systems shifted the soil microbial community composition, enzyme activity, C and N, and soil structure of this sandy soil of the Brazilian Cerrado. Keywords Soil health · Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) · Cerrado · Pasture · No-tillage
Introduction
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Land-use change in the tropical regions has led to shifts in soil microbial community composition and enzyme activity affecting soil carbon (C) and the potential to mitigate atmospheric CO2 (Scott et al. 2017; Li et al. 2018; Yang
* Marcos V. M. Sarto [email protected]; [email protected]
1
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
Wander L. B. Borges [email protected]
2
Advanced Research Center of Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems, Agronomic Institute/IAC, Votuporanga, SP, Brazil
Doglas Bassegio [email protected]
3
Western Parana State University, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR CEP 85819‑130, Brazil
Carlos A. B. Pires [email protected]
4
São Paulo State University, UNESP, Av. Universitária 3780, Botucatu, SP CEP 18610‑034, Brazil
Charles W. Rice [email protected]
5
Present Address: 1712 Claflin Rd, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
Ciro A. Rosolem [email protected]
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
et al. 2019). Biological,
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