Does Religiosity Influence Retention Strategies in Nonprofit Organizations?
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RESEARCH PAPERS
Does Religiosity Influence Retention Strategies in Nonprofit Organizations? Lamberto Zollo1
•
Cristiano Ciappei1 • Guglielmo Faldetta2 • Massimiliano Matteo Pellegrini3
Accepted: 4 November 2020 International Society for Third-Sector Research 2020
Abstract Despite the rise of interest in nonprofit organizations’ (NPOs) retention strategies and organizational behaviour micro-mechanisms, little research has specifically addressed volunteers’ religiosity and attitude towards the organization, and their links to motivation and intention to stay with NPOs. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of religiosity as an antecedent of volunteers’ intention to stay with the organization, and the mediating role of both volunteers’ motivation and attitude towards the organization in such a relationship. Building on motivational functions theory and the theory of planned behaviour, a conceptual model is proposed and empirically tested using bootstrapped multiple mediation analysis on a sample of 379 volunteers of NPOs located in Italy. The results support the role of religiosity as a significant predictor of volunteer intentions, and the mediating role of motivation and attitude on this relationship. Volunteers who are driven by their religious values are likely to
& Lamberto Zollo [email protected] Cristiano Ciappei [email protected] Guglielmo Faldetta [email protected] Massimiliano Matteo Pellegrini [email protected] 1
Department of Sciences for Economics and Business, University of Florence, Via delle Pandette, 9, 50127 Florence, Italy
2
Department of Economics and Law, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy
3
Department of Management and Law, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Via Columbia 2, 00133 Rome, Italy
develop a stronger motivation to volunteering and a positive attitude towards NPOs’ activities, and consequently a stronger willingness to stay with the organization. The study contributes to the literature on NPOs by stressing the role of antecedents and underlying mechanisms affecting volunteers’ motivation and, in turn, their intention to stay with the organization. Keywords Volunteering Retention strategies Intention to stay Motivation (psychology) Religion
Introduction Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) traditionally rely on dedicated and committed volunteers, who represent the critical human resource factor for organizational effectiveness and long-term sustainability (Kappelides et al. 2019; Windrum 2014). Volunteers are individuals who donate their free time, know-how, and expertise to an activity, in this case an NPO, without pay (De Clerck et al. 2019; Wilson and Janoski 1995). NPOs significantly depend on a volunteer workforce due to a lack of financial resources and the modern unstable economic scenario (Bang et al. 2012; Seitanidi 2007). The rise of the Third Sector—constituted by volunteers expressing their citizenship through NPOs— as one of the main modern societal actors aimed at cop
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