Drinking Water Treatment Focusing on Appropriate Technology and Sust

Sustainable technologies for water supply are urgently needed if water has to be supplied to billions of less fortunate people with inadequate access to water. These technologies must be simple, less expensive, less energy intensive, and easy to maintain

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Series Editors Lawrence Susskind Ravi Jain

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8584

Strategies for Sustainability Aims and Scope The series, will focus on “implementation strategies and responses” to environmental problems – at the local, national, and global levels. Our objective is to encourage policy proposals and prescriptive thinking on topics such as: the management of sustainability (i.e. environment-development trade-offs), pollution prevention, clean technologies, multilateral treaty-making, harmonization of environmental standards, the role of scientific analysis in decision-making, the implementation of public-private partnerships for resource management, regulatory enforcement, and approaches to meeting inter-generational obligations regarding the management of common resources. We will favour trans-disciplinary perspectives and analyses grounded in careful, comparative studies of practice, demonstrations, or policy reforms. We will not be interested in further documentation of problems, prescriptive pieces that are not grounded in practice, or environmental studies. Philosophically, we will adopt an open-minded pragmatism – “show us what works and why” – rather than a particular bias toward a theory of the liberal state (i.e. “commandand-control”) or a theory of markets. We invite Authors to submit manuscripts that: Prescribe how to do better at incorporating concerns about sustainability into public policy and private action. Document what has and has not worked in practice. Describe what should be tried next to promote greater sustainability in natural resource management, energy production, housing design and development, industrial reorganization, infrastructure planning, land use, and business strategy. Develop implementation strategies and examine the effectiveness of specific sustainability strategies. Focus on trans-disciplinary analyses grounded in careful, comparative studies of practice or policy reform. Provide an approach “…to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,” and do this in a way that balances the goal of economic development with due consideration for environmental protection, social progress, and individual rights. The Series Editors welcome any comments and suggestions for future volumes SERIES EDITORS Lawrence Susskind [email protected] Professor Ravi Jain [email protected]

Chittaranjan Ray • Ravi Jain Editors

Drinking Water Treatment Focusing on Appropriate Technology and Sustainability

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Editors Prof. Chittaranjan Ray Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 383 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA [email protected]

Prof. Ravi Jain School of Engineering & Computer Science University of the Pacific 3601 Pacific Avenue Stockton, CA 95211 USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-94-007-1103-7     e-ISBN 978-94-007-1104-4 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1104-4 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930184 © Springer Sci