Drug screening and development from the affinity of S protein of new coronavirus with ACE2
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Drug screening and development from the affinity of S protein of new coronavirus with ACE2 Yue-Peng Jiang 1 & Xiao-Xuan Zhao 2 & Hui-Qing Lv 3 & Cheng-Ping Wen 1 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Recently, various studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as the “doorknob” that can be bound by the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which conduces to its entrance to the host cells, and plays an important role in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper aims to collect and sorts out the existing drugs, which exert the ability to block the binding of S protein and ACE2 so as to provide directions for the later drug development. By reviewing the existing literature, we expound the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 from the perspective of S protein and ACE2 binding, and summarize the drugs and compounds that can interfere with the interaction of spike protein and ACE2 receptor from different ways. We summarized five kinds of substances, including peptide P6, griffithsin, hr2p analogs, EK1, vaccine, monoclonal antibody, cholesterol-depleting agents, and extracts from traditional Chinese medicine. They can fight SARS-CoV-2 by specifically binding to ACE2 receptor, S protein, or blocking membrane fusion between the host and virus. ACE2 is the key point for SARS-CoV-2 to enter the cells, and it is also the focus of drug intervention. Our drug summary on this pathomechanism is expected to provide ideas for the drug research on SARS-CoV-2 and help to develop anti-coronavirus drugs of broad spectrum for future epidemics. Keywords COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 . ACE2 . Spike protein . Drug
Introduction A novel coronavirus currently termed COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, on 31 December 2019. It was declared as a public health emergency of international concern on Jan 30, 2020, by WHO [1]. At present, more than 70,000 people have been diagnosed and thousands of people died which remains to be a great threat to human life in China and even the world. The initial symptoms of COVID-19 patients are mostly respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. In more severe cases, patients may * Hui-Qing Lv [email protected] * Cheng-Ping Wen [email protected] 1
College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2
Department of gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
3
College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
develop severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS or multiple organ failure, or even death [2]. As the novel coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV) are genetically similar and belong to the same genus, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) announced the official name of the new coronavirus: SARSCoV-2 on February 11, 2020. Unfortunately, since t
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