Dynamic cytokinin signaling and function of auxin in cytokinin responsive domains during rice crown root development
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Dynamic cytokinin signaling and function of auxin in cytokinin responsive domains during rice crown root development Ananya Neogy1 · Zeenu Singh1 · Khrang Khrang Khunggur Mushahary1 · Shri Ram Yadav1 Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message We reveal the onset and dynamic tissue-specific cytokinin signaling domains and functional importance of auxin in the auxin–cytokinin interaction domains in shaping root architecture in the economically important rice plant. Abstract Plant hormones such as auxin and cytokinin are central regulators of root organogenesis. Typical in the grass species, the root system in rice is primarily composed of post-embryonic adventitious/crown roots (ARs/CRs). Antagonistic auxin–cytokinin activities mutually balance each other to ensure proper root development. Cytokinin has been shown to inhibit crown root initiation in rice; albeit, the responsive domains remain elusive during the initiation and outgrowth of crown root primordia (CRP). Here, we show the cytokinin response domains during various stages of CRP development. RNA–RNA in situ hybridization and protein immunohistochemistry studies of the reporter gene expressed under the cytokinin responsive synthetic promoter revealed detailed spatio-temporal cytokinin signaling domains in the developing CRP. Furthermore, rice lines genetically depleted for endogenous auxin in the cytokinin responsive domains provided insight into the functional importance of auxin signaling during crown root development. Thus, our study demonstrates the onset and dynamic tissue-specific cytokinin response and functional significance of auxin–cytokinin interaction during root architecture formation in rice, a model grass species. Keywords Crown (adventitious) root primordia · Auxin · Cytokinin · TCSn · In situ hybridization · Oryza sativa
Introduction Crown roots (CRs) are adventitious roots (ARs) of rice (Oryza sativa) that develop at the base of the stem, but their origin departs from adventitious roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (Itoh et al. 2005; Rebouillat et al. 2009; Orman-Ligeza et al. 2013; Bellini et al. 2014). Arabidopsis ARs originate from the pericycle cells of the hypocotyl, whereas rice CRs are initiated from the innermost ground cells peripheral to Communicated by Neal Stewart. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02618-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shri Ram Yadav [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
the vascular tissues of stem (Itoh et al. 2005; Rebouillat et al. 2009; Orman-Ligeza et al. 2013; Bellini et al. 2014; Mai et al. 2014). Endogenous hormones such as auxin and cytokinin play a crucial role in regulating root formation in plants (Dello Ioio et al. 2008; Moubayidin et al. 2009). During rice CR development,
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