Dynamic properties of polyurethane foam adhesive-reinforced gravels
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namic properties of polyurethane foam adhesive-reinforced gravels 1*
2,3
LIU Ping , MENG MinQiang , XIAO Yang
2,3*
, LIU HanLong
2,3
4,5
& YANG Gui
1
School of Civil Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; 3 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; 4 College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 5 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 2
Received June 6, 2020; accepted August 6, 2020; published online September 15, 2020
Polyurethane foam adhesive (PFA) has been introduced as an alternative stabilizer in geotechnical applications because PFA can improve the engineering characteristics of soil by filling the pore space and generating adhesive bonding among the particles. However, the dynamic properties of PFA-reinforced soils are not well understood. To analyze the dynamic characteristics of PFA-reinforced gravels, a series of cyclic triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the shear modulus and damping ratio of PFA-reinforced gravels, and to determine the corresponding effects of the PFA content, confining pressure, consolidation stress ratio and loading frequency. The results showed that the shear modulus increased, and the damping ratio decreased as the PFA content, confining pressure and consolidation stress ratio increased. In contrast, the effect of the loading frequency, which ranged from 0.05 to 1 Hz, was negligible. A modified hyperbolic empirical model can consider the effect of the PFA content on the maximum shear modulus and predict the relationship between the normalized shear modulus and the normalized shear strain was proposed. Moreover, the upper and lower bounds of the damping ratio were also proposed. polyurethane foam adhesive, gravel, shear modulus, damping ratio, cyclic triaxial test Citation:
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Liu P, Meng M Q, Xiao Y, et al. Dynamic properties of polyurethane foam adhesive-reinforced gravels. Sci China Tech Sci, 2020, 63, https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11431-020-1707-5
Introduction
Gravels are widely used in many applications, such as rockfill dams, embankments, and railroad ballasts [1–4]. These structures are likely to be subjected to loads such as earthquakes and traffic loads [5]. For example, the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam experienced the Wenchuan earthquake, which measured as an 8 on the Richter scale, on May 12, 2008, and was significantly deformed as a result. The maximum settlement reached 68.4 cm after the main shock in this dam [6–8]. Therefore, evaluating the dynamic *Corresponding authors (email: [email protected]; [email protected])
response of gravels under cyclic loads is critical to the dynamic analysis and design of structures. Seed et al. [9] studied the shear modulus degradation and equivalent damping ratio of gravelly soils and reported the effects of t
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