Polyurethane Foam Reinforced with Fibers Pineaplle Crown Biocomposites for Sorption of Vegetable Oil
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ISSN 1229-9197 (print version) ISSN 1875-0052 (electronic version)
Polyurethane Foam Reinforced with Fibers Pineaplle Crown Biocomposites for Sorption of Vegetable Oil Isabella Loureiro Muller Costa1, Francisco Maciel Monticeli2, and Daniella R. Mulinari3* 1
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil 2 Department of Materials and Technology, Guaratinguetá School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil 3 Departament of Mechanical and Energy, Technology College, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Resende 27537-000, Brazil (Received September 12, 2019; Revised November 20, 2019; Accepted December 16, 2019) Abstract: The concern in reducing the environmental impacts caused by human interference is increasing. Thus, the objective of this study was to generate a sustainable solution for sorption of vegetable oil. It was developed and characterized biocomposites obtained from polyurethane derived from castor oil reinforced with fibers from the crown of pineapple for sorption of vegetable oil. The biocomposites were obtained by mass mixing the polyol with the prepolymer (1:1) and reinforced with 5 to 20 % (wt/wt) pineapple crown fiber in 18 and 35 mesh granulometry. The biocomposites and pure polyurethane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), porosimetry, contact angle, and density. Sorption tests were carried out on the biocomposites and pure polyurethane (PU). The sorption capacity of the biocomposites was evaluated as a function of the fiber content inserted in the matrix. Results of the sorption tests showed that the biocomposites reinforced with fibers of 18 mesh (20 % wt) presented approximately twice the sorption capacity when compared to pure PU and others biocomposites results, due to high porosity combined with high surface area, which influenced directly in the oil sorption. Response surface methodology (RSM) tecnique confirmed the influence fibers granulometry and content on oil sorption. Keywords: Sorption, Vegetable oil, Biocomposites, Pineapple crown, Polyurethane
production costs, are abundant raw materials, are environmentally friendly and have the capacity to absorb 3 to 15 times their weight in oil [2,8]. Polyurethane is an interesting material because it is a porous absorbent with a hydrophobic polymeric matrix that has polar functional groups, with excellent capacity to remove oils and fats [10-12]. Polyurethane resins derived from natural sources through biomonomers are obtained from renewable sources, e.g. castor oil, extracted from the seed of the Ricinus Communis plant, which can be found in subtropical regions mainly in Brazil [13,14]. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polyurethane foams produced a biocomposite with natural substrates, which partially confers certain biodegradability to the material in order to reduce the post-consumption environmental impact [15]. Among
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