Early morphological development of Erromyzon kalotaenia (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae)
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SHORT REPORT
Early morphological development of Erromyzon kalotaenia (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae) Wei‑Cheng Jhuang1,2 · Kuo‑Hsun Chiu3 · Te‑Yu Liao4 Received: 2 March 2020 / Revised: 8 October 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2020
Abstract In the present study, early morphological development of Erromyzon kalotaenia, a species of the Gastromyzontidae distributed in Guangxi, China, through the pre-incubation embryos to the juvenile stage was investigated. The eggs of E. kalotaenia were adhesive and demersal with egg membrane diameter 2.03 ± 0.04 mm. The yolk was white. At 24 °C, the embryo developed into a larva outside of the membrane at 45 hrs 28 min. The newly hatched larvae were 4.90 ± 0.14 mm in TL with 37 pairs of myomere. At the 30th day post-hatching, developments of fins were completed and then the juvenile stage was entered. Keywords Gastromyzontidae · Early development · Egg · Larva · Juvenile
Introduction The Gastromyzontidae are a family of fish of the Cypriniformes formerly treated as a subfamily of the Balitoridae (Kottelat 2012a; Nelson et al. 2016). These two families can be easily distinguished based on the number of unbranched rays of the paired fins; the Gastromyzontidae have only one unbranched ray, whereas the Balitoridae exhibit more than one (Fang 1930). The gastromyzontids are small, highly diverse and widely distributed in streams in southern and southeastern Asia (Tan 2006; Dudgeon 2000; Yang and Dudgeon 2009). Their pectoral and pelvic fins have been modified into sucker organs for clinging to objects in fastflowing streams (Hora 1932; Chen 1980). They are important bio-indicator species and are also popular in the aquarium trade (Tan 2006). However, no report has discussed gastromyzontid ontogeny, and the species currently sold * Te‑Yu Liao [email protected] 1
Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2
Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
3
Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
4
Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
in the aquarium market are mainly based on wild collection. (Huckstorf and Freyhof 2011a; Kong et al. 2008; Shao 2018). Erromyzon kalotaenia Yang et al. 2012 is an ornamental fish endemic to the Liuding and Dishui Streams of the Guijiang River drainage in the Dayaoshan Mountain, Guangxi, China (Yang et al. 2012). Fish in the Dayaoshan Mountain, like freshwater fish elsewhere, are threatened by declining population and habitat degradation due to frequent desiccation, agricultural pollution, construction of hydropower dams and aquarium trade (Huckstorf and Freyhof 2011a, b; Huckstorf and Freyhof 2012; Kottelat 2012b; Kong et al. 2008; Shao 2018). Therefore, artificial propagation and habitat protection are needed to facilitate the conservation of E. kalotaenia. The development of reproductive technology is
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