ECG Interpretation: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Application

Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous improvement in our understanding of basic cardiac electrophysiology. Most introductory electrocardiogram (ECG) books teach via pattern recognition and do not incorporate new pathophysiologic information. T

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ECG INTERPRETATION: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO CLINICAL APPLICATION by

Fred Kusumoto, MD Electrophysiology and Pacing Service Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida, USA

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Fred Kusumoto, MD Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida, USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-0-387-88879-8 e-ISBN 978-0-387-88880-4 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-88880-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008937757 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009  All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

To Laura, Miya, Hana, and Aya for their patience and understanding, and to my parents for putting up with a very inquisitive child.

Preface

Why write another book on ECG analysis and interpretation? Although there are a number of superb introductory and comprehensive books on ECG interpretation, there are very few books that provide the reader information beyond the basics, other than encyclopedic texts. In addition, ECG reading has been traditionally taught using “pattern recognition.” However, over the past two decades there has been a tremendous explosion of basic research that has transformed our understanding of the basis of the ECG. Finally, teaching ECGs has often been done by “stand-alone” lectures that have little clinical context; or worse, no organized teaching of ECGs is available because of the tremendous demands of the increasing depth and breadth of medical knowledge that must be mastered during medical school, training, and beyond to become a consumate clinician. This book has been written to fill these gaps. Although this book provides basic information on ECG analysis it also attempts to explain the electrophysiologic underpinnings for the ECG. Traditional findings such as ST segment elevation are explained with a “framing” case for each chapter with a series of clinically based questions at the end designed to help the student understand the importance of the ECG