Ecologo-Geochemical Conditions of the Water Bodies Within the Damodar River Basin (India) During a Low-Water Period
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Ecologo-Geochemical Conditions of the Water Bodies Within the Damodar River Basin (India) During a Low-Water Period O. G. Savicheva,*, E. A. Soldatovab,**, H. Chaudhuric,***, I. S. Ivanovad,****, and S. S. Ulaevaa,***** Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia c National Institute of Technology, West Bengal, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, 713209 India d Tomsk Branch, Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634021 Russia *е-mail: [email protected] **е-mail: [email protected] ***е-mail: [email protected] ****е-mail: [email protected] *****е-mail: [email protected] a
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Received July 9, 2019; revised September 30, 2019; accepted March 24, 2020
Abstract – Ecologo-geochemical conditions of surface water and groundwater are considered in the case of one of the industrially most developed states of India, West Bengal, within the Damodar river basin near Damodar City. The observations were made in the pre-monsoon period of March 2019, a period with the worst conditions of wastewater dilution. To analyze total chemical composition of water samples, a standard set of analytical methods was used; trace elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Data obtained indicate both the unsatisfactory water quality and the intense self-purification processes. The waters under study are, in general, characterized as freshwaters (except for the stream receiving wastewater from the chemical plant where the water is “brackish”), HCO3–Ca or HCO3–Na (except for the water in the stream near the chemical plant, which is Cl–Na, and groundwater, which is Cl–Ca). In most cases, the waters are oversaturated with carbonates, compounds with humic acids, quartz and undersaturated with primary aluminosilicates. The main pollutants are organic compounds according to the values of permanganate demand and chemical oxygen demand, Al, F–, NH+4 , Fe, and Mn. Phosphates, As, Pb, and some other chemical elements are also present in significant concentrations It is shown that most pollutants settle in bottom sediments of the streams receiving wastewater from industrial enterprises within a few kilometers from the wastewater discharge points. The mechanism of water selfpurification is, possibly, associated with co-precipitation and sorption of a great number of substances on particles of poorly soluble carbonates and hydroxides of Ca, Fe and some other metals at relatively high pH values associated with the consumption of carbon dioxide by microorganisms. DOI: 10.1134/S1875372841030117 Keywords: ecologo-geochemical conditions, surface water, groundwater, West Bengal, Durgapur.
INTRODUCTION The scarcity of freshwater scarcity suited to meet the drinking needs is one of the key challenges of the 21st century. In view of the increase in population in developing countries, this problem will only be exacerbat
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