Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout Habitat as a template for
Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and geneti
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FISH & FISHERIES SERIES VOLUME 33 Series Editor: David L.G. Noakes, Fisheries & Wildlife Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/5973
Bror Jonsson • Nina Jonsson
Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout Habitat as a Template for Life Histories
Bror Jonsson Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Oslo, Norway [email protected]
Nina Jonsson Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Oslo, Norway [email protected]
ISBN 978-94-007-1188-4 e-ISBN 978-94-007-1189-1 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1189-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928085 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Photo credit: © stephan kerkhofs - Fotolia.com Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
For Marte and Marius
Female brown trout hunting a mayfly, an important food item for this fish in fresh water. Photograph by Nina Jonsson.
Foreword
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) share much of their native ranges, with some important exceptions. They hold a place dear to the hearts of anglers, with some important exceptions. They have been deliberately introduced around the world by well–intentioned Europeans, but with important differences in the consequences. One of them, the Atlantic salmon, has now become the focal point for a peculiar combination of conservation and commercial production. The other, the brown trout, has always been the more secretive. There is no book on these fishes more important than this, and no better authors to write this book. Atlantic salmon and brown trout are undoubtedly two of the most charismatic and some might say problematic fish species. Consider the Atlantic salmon. There is probably no fish more eagerly sought after by recreational anglers while at the same time it teeters so close to the brink of extinction throughout its native range. There is an international federation dedicated to the conservation and management of Atlantic salmon. In contrast, on the Pacific coast of North America one would be hard pressed to name a fish species more reviled and despised by its critics. It is at the same time the most valuable and the cheapest salmon species. Herbert Hoover campaigned on the slogan of “A chicken in every pot,” in the days when poultry was a luxury item on the dinner menu for the common folk, or perhaps reserved only for the wealthy elite. But that was 1928, and the despair of the Great Depression soon ended his vision of culinary egalitarianism. Eventually the vision did c
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